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Succeeding with Technology 4th ed> Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
Trends
There is a shift from a hardware view of computing to software & services
"Ten years out, in terms of actual hardware costs you can almost think of hardware as being free -- I'm not saying it will be absolutely free -- but in terms of the power of the servers, the power of the network will not be a limiting factor," Gates said, referring to networked computers and advances in the speed of the Internet.
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
Trends
Software has become more expensive than hardware for several reasons: Technology has resulted in reduced hardware costs. Software requires more time to develop. Developers salaries have increased.
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
Application Software
provides services for people programs written to perform tasks word processor, spreadsheets and database
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
http://www.mozilla.com/firefox/
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
Programming Languages
A programming language is the primary tool of computer programmers, providing English-like commands for writing software that is translated into the detailed step-by-step instructions executed by the processor.
A Programming Statement in C++
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
Programming Languages
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
Visual Programming
Visual programming uses a graphical or visual interface for software development combined with programming language textbased commands.
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
Object-oriented Programming
Object-oriented programming languages are based on the creation and interaction of reusable programming objects.
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
Web Service
Web service is a software system that automates tasks by controlling communication between computers over the Internet.
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
Freeware
Freeware is software that is made available to the public for free. Reasons include: build customer interest and name recognition wish to make a valuable donation to society others believe that all software should be free (www.fsf.org)
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
Open Source
Open-source software evolves from the combined contribution of its users.
The Free Software Directory (http://directory.fsf.org) lists over 5000 software titles in 22 categories licensed under the GPL.
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
Off-the-shelf Software
Off-the-shelf software is mass-produced software designed for use by the general public. Shareware Marketed under a "try before you buy" philosophy
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
Subscription Model
With a software subscription you pay an annual fee for as long as you wish to use the software. This model is ideal for software such as virus protection that requires continuous updates.
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
Custom-designed software
Custom Designed software, either inhouse developed or contracted, is software designed to solve a unique and specific problem. Companies will sometimes market their custom software to others in the industry.
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
Installing Software
Software for personal computers typically comes on CDs or is downloaded as a compressed file.
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Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
System Software
Key Terms Operating system Command-based user interface Graphical User Interface Boot process Multitasking Device driver Utility programs Microsoft Windows Mac OS Linux
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
larger mainframe or server computers that can accommodate hundreds or thousands of people
large computer network with thousands of computers attached around the world or a home network with several computers
Special-purpose computers
embedded systems that control sophisticated military aircraft, the space shuttle, some home appliances, and a variety of other special-purpose computers
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
User Interface-Command-based
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
Multi-Tasking
Multitasking is the ability of the OS to run several programs or tasks at the same time.
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
Device Driver
Any device that connects to a computer includes associated software called the device driver that must be installed in order for the operating system to recognize and communicate with the device.
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
Managing Files
Windows users make use of a program named Documents to manage their files, while Mac users use Finder.
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
Application Software
Key Terms Word Processing Spreadsheet Software Optimization Presentation Software Database management Personal Information management Software Suites
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
Productivity Software
Word Processing: Document production Spreadsheet: Numeric analysis software often used for carrying out what if scenarios. Database: For managing and querying data records Presentation: For developing supportive visual aides to accompany a presentation.
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
Software Suite
A software suite is a collection of application software packages sold together.
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
Call center employees use order entry software to access product information and place orders.
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
Smart Software: AI
Key Terms Artificial Intelligence Turing Test Conventional AI Computational Intelligence Expert System Neural Network Fuzzy Logic Genetic Algorithm Robotics Computer vision Natural language processing Speech recognition Intelligent Agent Virtual reality
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
Artificial Intelligence
AI refers to the science and engineering of creating computer systems that simulate human thought and behavior.
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
Turing Test
A human judge engages in a natural language conversation with two other parties, one human, the other a machine; if the judge cannot reliably tell which is which, then the machine is said to pass the test.
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence
Computational Intelligence
Conventional AI
Neural Networks
Fuzzy Systems
Evolutionary Computation
Expert Systems
Case-based Reasoning
Bayesian Networks
Behaviorbased AI
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
Conventional Intelligence
Relies on the programmer to instill the software with logical functionality to solve problems.
Artificial Intelligence
Conventional AI
Expert Systems
Case-based Reasoning
Bayesian Networks
Behaviorbased AI
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
Expert Systems
Expert systems are created with the assistance of a human expert who provides subjectspecific knowledge.
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
Case-based Reasoning
AI software maintains a library of problem cases and solutions when confronted by a new problem adjusts and applies a relevant previous solution to the new problem.
Retrieve
Reuse
Revise
Retain
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
Bayesian network
Is a graphical model that represents a set of variables and their relationships and dependencies.
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
Behavior-based
Is a methodology that simulates intelligence by combining many semiautonomous modules. Each module has a specific activity for which it is responsible.
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
Computational Intelligence
Sets up a system whereby the software can develop intelligence through an iterative process.
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
Neural Network
A neural network simulates the functioning of the neurons in a human brain in software. A neural network is loaded with a random program, and the output is measured against a desired output, which positively or negatively affects the pathways between neurons.
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
Fuzzy Logic
Fuzzy logic is derived from fuzzy set theory, which deals with reasoning that is approximate rather than precise.
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
Genetic Algorithm
A genetic algorithm is a form of evolutionary computation that is used to solve large, complex problems where a number of algorithms or models change and evolve until the best one emerges.
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
AI Applications
Robotics Computer Vision Natural Language Processing
Speech Recognition
Virtual Reality
Virtual reality is often linked to artificial intelligence because it leans on AI technologies. Immersive virtual reality refers to a simulation in which the user becomes fully immersed in an artificial, three-dimensional world that is completely generated by a computer.
Succeeding with Technology 4th ed > Software Solutions for Personal and Professional Gain >
Chapter 3 Questions?
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