Personality

PERSONALITY
Personality is broad term, derived from a Latin word Persona. Meaning of persona is MASK. Whatever we look like is our personality. We have different masks for different situations. In a group of friends we wear a mask of friend.

PERSONALITY
In front of our parents we wear a mask of child, and in front of our boss we wear a mask of an obedient, hardworking officer etc. Some characteristics are present in one mask and absent in other mask.
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PERSONALITY
Woodworth Personality is an overall organization or unique organization of ones traits and characteristics. Nunn Ways in which an individual reacts typically to the surrounding. 4

PERSONALITY
Sigmund Freud

Personality is the product of unconscious mind. This means that you can judge ideas in someones unconscious mind by observing his personality.
Personality is a combination of your character traits and personality traits.
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Character Traits

Character traits are long lasting and reflect your norms and ethical values. For example; honor, truth, respect, love, care etc.
Personality Traits

They reveal someones habits and they are transparent. For example; book worm, fond of traveling.
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Freuds Psychoanalytic Theory

This theory is based on three important concepts. ID Selfish, wild and savage part of ourselves. Ego The balancer Superego The cultured and most civilized part of 7 ourselves.

Freuds Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality

ID: It is the most primitive thing in a personality. It is selfish and it needs pleasure and sudden satisfaction. Id can be thought of as a sort of storehouse of biologically based urges. The urge to eat, drink, eliminate, and, especially to be sexually stimulated.
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Freuds Psychoanalytic Theory

The id operates according to what Freud called the pleasure principle. The id would satisfy its fundamental urges immediately and reflexively as they arose, without regard to rules, the realities of life, or morals of any kind.
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Freuds Psychoanalytic Theory

Ego: The id, however, is usually bridled and managed by the ego. The ego consists of elaborate ways of behaving and thinking which constitute the execution function of the person. The ego delays satisfying id motives and channels behavior into more socially acceptable outlets.
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Freuds Psychoanalytic Theory

It keeps a person working for a living, getting along with people did generally adjusting to the realities of life. Indeed Freud characterized the ego as working in the service of the reality principle.
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Freuds Psychoanalytic Theory

The ego tries to satisfy the ids urge for pleasure but only in realistic way.

The ongoing tension between insistent urges of the id and the constraints of reality helps the ego develop more and more sophisticated thinking skills.
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Freuds Psychoanalytic Theory

Superego: The superego corresponds closely to what we commonly call the conscience. It consists mainly of prohibitions learned from parents and other authorities. The superego may condemn as wrong certain things which the ego would otherwise do to satisfy the id.

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Freuds Psychoanalytic Theory

The superego is not all fire and brimstone. A set of positive values and moral ideals are pursued because they are believed to be worthy.
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THE BIG 5 PERSONALITY MODEL

The personality theory that states that in order to understand individuals, we must break down behavior patterns into a series of observable traits.

EXTRAVERSION

AGREEABLENESS
CONSCIENTIOUSNESS

EMOTIONAL STABILITY
OPENNESS TO EXPERIENCE

BIG 5 TRAIT

WHY IT IS RELEVANT?

WHAT DOES IT AFFECT?

EMOTIONAL STABILITY

Less negative thinking & fewer negative emotions Less hyper-vigilant

Higher job & life satisfaction Lower stress levels

EXTRAVERSION

Better interpersonal skills Greater social Dominance More Emotionally expressive Increased learning More creative More flexible & Autonomous

Higher performance Enhanced leadership Higher job & life satisfaction Training Performance Enhanced leadership More adaptable to change Higher performance Lower levels of deviant behavior Higher performance Enhanced leadership

OPENNESS TO EXPERIENCE

AGREEABLENESS

Better Liked More compliant & conforming

CONSCIENTIOUSNESS

Greater effort & persistence More drive & discipline Better organized & planning

The Jungian Approach and MBTI

Swiss Psychiatrist Carl Jung built his work on the notion that people are fundamentally different, but also fundamentally alike.

MBTI

Preferences There are four preferences in type theory, and two possible choices for each of the four preferences. The combination of these preferences makes up an individuals psychological type. Extraversion/Introversion Sensing/Intuiting Thinking/Feeling Judging/Perceiving

1. 2. 3. 4.

EXTRAVERSION / INTROVERSION
ExtraversionA preference indicating that an individual is energized with other people.

IntroversionA preference indicating that an individual is energized by time alone.

EXTRAVERSION-(E) Auditory Expressive Enthusiastic Initiator Gregarious

INTROVERSION- (I) Quiet Intimate Receptor Contained Visual

2-SENSING / INTUITING
SensingGathering information through the five senses. IntuitingGathering information through sixth sense and focusing on what could be rather than what actually exists.

SENSING-S
Realistic Traditional Pragmatic Experiential Concrete

INTUITING Imaginative Abstract Intellectual Original Theoretical

3-THINKING / FEELING
ThinkingMaking decisions in a logical, objective fashion. FeelingMaking decisions in a personal, value oriented way.

THINKING -T Critical Tough Minded Questioning Logical Reasonable

FEELING -F Accepting Tender Hearted Accommodating Affective Compassionate

4-JUDGING / PERCEIVING
JudgingPreferring closure and completion in making decisions. PerceivingPreferring to explore many alternatives and flexibility.

PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS ORGANIZATIONS

IN

Managers should learn as much as possible about personality in order to understand their employees. Hundreds of personality characteristics have been identified.

Personality Characteristics in Organizations?

PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS IN ORGANIZATIONS

1. Core Self Evaluation
2. Machiavellianism 3. Narcissism 4. Self Monitoring 5. Risk taking 6.Type A and B personalities 7. Proactive Personality

1. Core Self Evaluation

Locus of Control
An individuals generalized behavior about internal control (self control) versus external control (control by the situations or others)
Internal Locus of control External Locus of control

People who believe they control what happens to them.

People who believe that circumstances or other people control their fate.

Self Esteem
Individuals degree of liking and disliking themselves and the degree to which they think they are worthy or unworthy as people.

2. Machiavellianism

MACHIAVELLIANISM
The degree to which an individual believes that the ends justify the means and behave in a manner which aims at increasing their level of power within an organization.

NARCISSISM

A person high in narcissism has a grandiose sense of self importance, requires excessive admiration, has a sense of entitlement and is arrogant

SELF-MONITORING

The extent to which people base their behavior on cues from other people and situations.

Risk Taking

People differ in their willingness to take chances. This propensity to assume or avoid risk affects how long it takes managers to make a decision and how much information they require before making choice.

The Lifestyle Approach

From the point of view of broad lifestyles, two types of personalities have been identified.

TYPE - A

TYPE - B

Are impatient with the rate of work

Move and eat rapidly Want to measure everything Do several things simultaneously

Never feel urgency and are patient Are relaxed Eat in leisurely fashion enjoy themselves Do not display their achievements Play for fun Rather than to prove themselves

Proactive Personality

Some people take the initiative to improve their current circumstances or creative new ones while others sit by passively reacting to situations.

PERSONALITY-JOB FIT THEORY

Holland (1985) has proposed a personality-job fit theory of personality. This theory makes a case for job-specific personality types. He has suggested 6 personality types and has prepared an instrument containing 160 occupational titles. Based on respondents preferences, their personality profiles are prepared.

Hollands Personality Types for Different Occupations

TYPE

PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS?

CONGRUENT OCCUPATIONS

Realistic: Prefers physical

activities that require skill, strength & coordination

Shy, genuine, persistent, stable, conforming & practical.

Mechanic, drill press operator, Assembly-line worker & farmer.

Investigative: Prefers
activities that involve thinking & organizing.

Analytical, original, curious & independent.

Biologist, economist, News reporter & mathematician. Social worker, teacher, Clinical psychologist & Counselor. Accountant, bank teller, corporate manager & file clerk Lawyer, real estate agent, Public relations specialist & Small business manager. Painter, musician, writer, & interior decorator.

Social: Prefers activities that involve helping & developing others.

Sociable, friendly, cooperative & understanding.

Conventional: Prefers ruleregulated, orderly & unambiguous activities.

Conforming, efficient, practical, unimaginative & inflexible.

Enterprising: Prefers verbal

activities.

Self-confident, ambitious, energetic & domineering. Imaginative, disorderly, Idealistic, emotional & impractical

Artistic: Prefers ambiguous

& unsystematic activities that Allow creative expression.