The art of knowing in nursing theory, more formerly

known as the FUNDAMENTAL PATTERNS of KNOWING in NURSING, describes four basic concepts, or patterns of knowledge, as they relate to their advanced application in clinical practice.

 The art of knowing in nursing theory, more formerly

known as the FUNDAMENTAL PATTERNS of KNOWING in NURSING, describes four basic concepts, or patterns of knowledge, as they relate to their advanced application in clinical practice. The rationale behind the establishment of Carpers ways of knowing was to serve as a guide for nursing practitioners toward the acknowledgement of experience as a valuable tool with which to further the goals of patient management, education and research.

CARPERs FOUR WAYS of KNOWING

 EMPIRICAL KNOWLEDGE

-is found in textbooks, literature, and research, or evidence obtained by direct or indirect observation and measurement.

 EMPIRICAL KNOWLEDGE

-is found in textbooks, literature, and research, or evidence obtained by direct or indirect observation and measurement. -it is knowledge that is publicly verifiable, objective and factual and research based..

 PERSONAL KNOWLEDGE

-arises from experiences, both sympathy and empathy and understanding.

 PERSONAL KNOWLEDGE

-arises from experiences, both sympathy and empathy and understanding. -it requires self awareness and incorporates and promotes respect and holism in the nurse patient relationship.

 ETHICAL KNOWLEDGE

-is about belief systems, expressed through moral codes and ethical decision making.

 AESTHETIC KNOWLEDGE

-is the ART of nursing, as much about how you do something as why.

 AESTHETIC KNOWLEDGE

-is the ART of nursing, as much about how you do something as why. -it is subjective, individual, unique involving intuition, interpretation, creativity, empathy, understanding and valuing

 Nursing depends on the scientific knowledge of

human behavior in health and illness, the esthetic perception of significant human experiences, a personal understanding of the unique individuality of the self, and the capacity to make choice within concrete situations involving particular moral judgment