ARDS R D S

A clinical syndrome characterized by a sudden and progressive pulmonary edema, increasing bilateral infiltrates on chest x-ray, hypoxemia refractory to oxygen supplementation, and reduce lung compliance.

ARDS usually require mechanical ventilation with higher-than-normal airway pressure

The major cause of

death in ARDS is non-pulmonary multiple-system organ failure, often with sepsis

ETIOLOGY
Anaphylaxis Aspiration of gastric contents A prolonged inhalation of high concentrations of oxygen > causes the production of oxygen free radicals that damages the epithelium. Respiratory trauma > Fat embolism, Pulmonary occlusion which initiate inflammatory response Radiation Disorders : Hematologic disorders > Massive transfusion > Cardio Pulmonary bypass Metabolic disorders > Pancreatitis > Anemia

ETIOLOGY
Drug overdose (Heparin, Aspirin) > Promotes Bleeding Drowning Diffused pneumonia Sepsis Shock Smoke inhalation

Clinical Manifestations
Tachypnea Dyspnea (12-48 hours occurs) Hypoxemia (unresponsive to Oxygen) LOC alteration Fine crackles s/t leakage of fluids Fever Retractions

Diagnostic Exams

Chest X-Ray > Normal until complete white out Pulmonary Function Test > Decrease lung compliance and capacity ABG analysis > Hypoxemia and Respiratory acidosis

Medical Management
1) Treat the underlying cause. 2) Supplemental oxygenation 3) Respiratory support
ABG analysis Pulse Oxymetry Bedside Pulmonary Function Test

4) PEEP

Medical Management
5) Intravenous Crystalloids Solution

administration
O For systemic hypertension s/t

hypovolemia
6) Rest is essential to limit oxygen

consumption and reduce oxygen needed. 7) Pharmacologic Therapy

NURSING MGT.