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DESCRIBE THE ROLE OF STATISTICAL ANALYSIS IN INTERPRETING THE RESULTS OF RESEARCH PROJECT

Ammara Mehwish 2007-ag-1680

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What is Statistics?
Statistics derived from the Latin word status meaning political state The word statistics can either be singular or plural Singular form- statistic Plural form-statistics Mathematical science pertaining to the collection, analysis, interpretation or explanation, and presentation of data

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Statistics concerns with

Designing experiments and other data collection Summarizing information to aid understanding Drawing conclusions from data Estimating the present or predicting the future.

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Uses of Statistics
Summarize or describe a collection of data Useful in research, when communicating the results of experiments Provides a prediction (based in data) for where a theory logically leads

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Draw backs of statistics

if statistical conclusions are based on incomplete information
Interpret only the data that are favorable to the presenter

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Types of statistics
There are two types: 1. Descriptive statistics (summarize collection of data) 2. Inferential statistics (draw inferences about the population being studied)
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Well known statistical tests

ANOVA (Analysis of variance) Chi-square test

Regression Correlation
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 ANOVA; A statistical model meant to analyze data Chi-square test; The Greek letter chi (lower case) A statistical test comparing observed frequencies with the frequencies expected from a given hypothesis
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Regression; Effect of one or more function on a single character Correlation; Degree of association between two variables

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Data analysis
It is a process of Gathering,

Modeling,
Transforming data

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Initial data analysis must be able to answer

What is the quality of the data? What is the quality of the measurements? Did the implementation of the study fulfill the intentions of the research design? What are the characteristics of the data sample?
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Analyzing and interpreting data

Process of assigning meaning to the collected information and determining the conclusions, significance, and implications of the findings.

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There are several different classifications that are used in interpreting data

Variable: Types;
Qualitative Quantitative 1.Discrete 2.Continuous

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Qualitative Data
Describes the quality of something in a non-numerical format Interpretation of qualitative data Frequency tables Graphs Bar Charts Pie Charts
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Bar chart
Color Preference of Customers
N 15 10 5 0
Red Blue Yellow Green

Color

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Pie charts
Pie Chart of Color Preferences Green 8% Yellow 16% Blue 32% Red 44%

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Quantitative Data
It

arise when the observations are frequencies or measurements. Interpretation of quantitative data; Frequency tables Graphs Bar Charts Dot Plots Pie Charts

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Method for increasing breast meat yields in poultry

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Figure 2

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Figure 1 Explanation
It is a graphical representation of feed conversion data from a feeding trial using a control diet and diets supplemented with alpha.-galactosidase at three different concentrations.

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Figure 2 Explanation
It is a graphical representation of feed conversion data from a second feeding trial using a control diet and diets supplemented with .alpha.-galactosidase at three different concentrations

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Line Charts Frequency Table/Frequency Distribution Histograms Stem and Leaf Box plots Line Graphs XY Scatter Charts

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XY-charts
Worker-Hours by Lot Size
180 160 140 120

Hours

100 80 60 40 20 0 0 20 40 60 80 100

Lot Size

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Histogram

Frequency

0 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150

Time

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Different packages used in statistics for analyzing data

Dfremel SAS MSTAT C SPSS Minitab

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SAS
Access raw data files analyze data using descriptive statistics Manage data using tools for data entry,editing,formating Present data using reports and business and statistical graphics

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SPSS
Research design Sample size and selection Mean,variance,standard deviation Analysis of variance Corelation and Regression Chisquare test

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MSTAT C
Used to simplify and enhance field and lab research Helps to generate the design of experiments design

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Minitab
Anova Regression of analysis Design of experiments

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Dfreml
Estimation of covariance components and the resulting genetic parameters for continuous traits Developed with the analysis of data from animal breeding programs Accommodate numerous traits, random regression models, covariance structures

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