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PREFACE :
Development of fishery harbours all along the Indian coast is crucial in view of the unexploited and under-exploited marine fishery resources. The fact that the existing harbour facilities in the country can meet only th of the requirement of the existing fishing fleet makes a sad story and underlines the importance of developing fishery harbours facilities on a large scale. It is also undisputed fact that some of the existing fishery harbours are defunct with problems such as siltation, lack of harbour management, maintenance ,etc The success of exploitation of exclusive economic zone (EEZ) to its optimum level will largely depend on further extending the fishing activities to deep sea region by creating more fishery harbour facilities and modernization of the existing fishing methods. This will reduce the present congestion , conflict and competition among the fishermen in the near shore region. Fishery harbours are closely related with the economic life of the individual fishermen, in particular and the fishery industry as a whole. Construction of wellplanned harbour are must to obtain good quality fish, better prices and more fishing hours due to quicker transportation of fish. As a result of better landing facilities for the boats and hygienic handling of fish in the fish auction/packing halls, the quality of fish is preserved. Better quality fish means better price that gives good financial returns and improves the socio-economic condition of the fisher folk.
1.1 Foreword
HISTORY :
Although new modern methods of fishing were introduced only at the beginning of the five years plans, traditional fishing is practiced in India from ancient times. It is seen in the traditional customs and traditions of local fishermen of Gujarat state like Bara pooja meaning sea worshipping to pray for the safety of their lives and a rich fish harvesting, a festival held at the start of the fishing season . It is learnt that the modern concept of a fishery harbours was first formed during mid 19th century in Scandinavian countries. Compared to India, fishery industry in the developed countries is very much advanced and is fast improving in other developing countries too. FAO describes how a handful of countries held major share of world's total fish production. After china (15.3%), Peru(7%), Japan (15.3%), Chile (6.6%), USA and Russian federation (5.7%), India's total fish production as stood at 4.95 million tone representing around 5% of the world's total fish production of 101 million tone. Earlier, many developing countries including India, did not have the right type of fishing vessels and gears, modern fishery harbours or better means of preservation and transportation of fish catches. Fishing in the developed countries is, no more, considered a traditional occupation of a small group of fishermen as before, but viewed as a profitable profession by many private and corporate industrialists.
But India, only after her independence, that too, from third five- year plan onwards, could witness some real achievements in the field of exploration of fishery resources for commercial exploitation, fishery training and extension, fish preservation and processing, transportation, marketing and export.
PRESENT
A particular fishery centre may have abundant fishery resources, but, it will be of no use, if the fishermen are unable to exploit the available fish resources for want of landing boats. There exist many such fishery centers where, even the minimum basic landing facilities like jetties/wharfs are not available. Given figures shows the chaotic scene that usually prevails at such fishery centers.
CONDITION :
The fishery operations are still conducted from these fishery centers where, often, there are no proper road or railway communication to the neighbourhood No ice or cold storage facilities, no fresh water supply or electricity exist. The situation is much the same, even today. Fishermen continue to catch fish mostly in near shore waters within radius of 5 -10 km This traditional craft mainly consist of small boats. They sell their catch to local fish vendors on open beaches or convert the fresh fish catch into salt-fish by drying it on the sandy beaches. The quality is, thus, far below the desired standard. Some of them may transport fish in ice boxes to their processing plants located in big towns/cities, but their number is not enough. The absence of shelter and berthing has also forced the fishermen to restrict the fishing days.
FISHERY IN
As compared to other states of India, Gujarat offers an excellent in the fishery sector because of the vast fishery resources .
GUJARAT :
The natural fisheries resource potential of the state enriches its economy by generating employment for the rural mass. Gujarat is the second largest fish producing state in the country only next to west Bengal. Among all the maritime states, Gujarat accounts for a significant share insofar as marine fish production in the country is concerned and stands at the largest marine fish producer. Junagadh is the major fish producing district accounting for 40% of the total fish production, Followed by Valsad, Kuchchh, Porbandar, Amreli and Jamnagar. The marine fishery sector in Gujarat has achieved significant progress from the year 1996-97 onwards due to the increase in the mechanization of traditional fishing craft, trawlers and use of improved fishing gear. This has increased the exportable varieties of marine fish such as shrimps, ribbon fish, prawns, etc This constituted 26% of the quantity and 10.6% of value of the total foreign exports of India.
The state has a longest coast line of 1600 km representing 1/5th of the nations water front with a continental shelf area of 1,64,000 sq.Km and EEZ area of 2,14,060 sq. Km There are 217 landing centers in marine area. The fisher population is 4.93 lakh, of which 1.72 lakh are actively engaged in fishing, marketing, etc.
Number of jobs in fisheries sector includes transportation and marketing of fish and fish products, fish preprocessing and processing industry, cold storage chain, boat building and repair, net mending, workshop and related activities.
6 INTRODUCTION :
Fisheries play an important role in the economy of India in augmenting food supply, generating employment, raising nutritional levels and earning foreign exchange. In order to increase production and productivity in fisheries, the Fisheries Division of the Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India have been undertaking various production-oriented schemes, input supply programs, infrastructure development projects, etc., either directly or through States/Union Territories. Gujarat state having 1600 km long coast line Arabian sea and is a leading state in fisheries development. There are only four fishery harbour in state namely Veraval, Mangarol, Porbandar and Jakhau. Fishery department, government of Gujarat likes to develop special facilities for marine products in Junagadh district as it is leading fish production district.
BENIFITS :
Due to this, lending, processing and export can be possible at one place and quality of fish can also be maintained. Value of marine products can be increased. More fishing time and additional fish catch. Higher prices for fish through better fish quality. Reduced boat operating and maintenance costs. Higher prices for fish through improved fish markets. Increase in employment opportunity for the local population.
AIM :
To fulfill all the requirements of users at the harbour- fishermen, boat owners, customers and private parties from local, national and international markets. To make an architectural planning and design for the required facilities and need to be modernized to meet minimum international standards necessary for effective management and fish quality assurance. By providing these facilities we can attract more private parties from other states and from the international markets.
OBJECTIVE :
To understand the planning and working pattern of the existing harbour.
Study of different sizes and dimensions of equipments , gears, tools ,etc used in fishing operations.
Study of different activities and facilities at the harbour. Assumption of future population, and required capacity of the harbour according to the present condition at the harbour.
JUNAGADH :
LOCATION : Geographically, the town is located between 21.52 North latitude and 70.47 East longitude, at an elevation of 107 meters (351 feet) above sea level. CLIMATE : The climate of Junagadh district is generally pleasant, particularly in coastal tracts. It fluctuate heavily according to the sultry summers and chilly winters. The approximate summer temperatures vary from 23C to 44C. The winter temperature ranges from 10C to 36C. Relative humidity are generally over 80% in the southwest monsoon season. Winds are light to moderate with some increase in force during the monsoon season. In afternoon wind blow mainly from direction between southwest and northwest through the year. Storms and depressions from the Arabian sea in the post monsoon and in may and June affect the weather over the district causing widespread heavy rain and gusty winds.
Source : Google Earth
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MANGROL :
Mangrol is a coastal city located in Junagadh district of the western state of India, Gujarat . It is located between 21.12 north latitude and 70.12 east longitude. Total population of the city is around 55,000.
MANGROL CITY
EXISTING HARBOUR
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TOPOGRAPHY :
Mangrol is perched at a height of 18 meters, above mean sea level. It is having around 100500 meter deep see after 50-100 meter of continental shelf.
LINKAGES :
The city is located at 83km from Porbandar and at 50 km from Veraval. It is connected by a 2km long road to the main PorbandarVeraval high way. The nearest airport is at Porbandar and the Junagadh junction railway station, on the Mumbai- Ahmedabad rail route of the western railway , is the nearest railway station.
CLIMATE :
Climate of Mangrol is typically coastal, semiarid with low rain fall. The area receives an average rainfall of 350.4 mm. Humidity is around 8590 %. There is no virtual distinction between the seasons. Wind direction is towards north-east from south-west . Rain direction is also in south west direction.
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SITE :
AREA : -The harbour site occupies total area of 1,30,000 sq.mt. - Which includes 40,000 sq.mt. of waterside facilities like harbour basin, breakwaters, jetty, landing quay, etc - Rest of the area is provided for other landside facilities. ACCESS to the site : - The site is easily accessible from the city. One from the residential zone is the main entrance to the site and one from the portside is the rear entry. -Another one is from the Chaupati which also lead to the industrial area of the city, where fish industries are located.
REAR ENTRY
BREAK WATER
HARBOUR BASIN
HARBOUR ENTRANCE
Source : Google Earth
CHAUPATI
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(a)
ELEMENTS ON
(e)
SITE :
SITE CONTEXT :
An industrial port is located on the western side of the harbour, which is excisable from the rear entry of the harbour. Many boat making industries are situated in nearby areas.
(c)
- Break water(a) (eastern, western) - Jetty - Harbour entrance (b) - Harbour basin(b) - Fish landing platforms(c) - Berthing quays - Sloped R.C.C. ramps - Water tank and Fuel station (d) - Light house (e) - Govt. office building - Local fish market (f)
(f)
(g)
Fish industries are located on north-east side On the south-west direction of the site , some elements as temple, memorial for tsunami victims, etc and chaupati is situated, which can invite local people to visit the harbour and other facilities.(g)
(d)
(g)
SERVICES :
Electricity supply, Water supply, Telephone connection, and sewer lines are provided at the site. Natural drainage will be towards the sea due to site sloping towards the sea.
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LIMITATION :
This is a live project in present and there are some of the facilities are under construction Some of the waterside facilities such as jetties , breakwater, harbour basin, landing platforms are existing. They are planning to extend the western breakwater and also going to develop another break water at south-east side to increase berthing area for boats.
SCOPE :
I am proposing the other landside facilities as auction hall, ice plant and cold storage, net mending sheds, gear sheds, fishermens rest sheds, workshops, shops, offices, guest house, food court, and other public amenities as bath, toilets, etc. Development of the wreak water and major length along the sea front will provide a very good scope for water front development .
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Fishermen
FISHERMEN
Boat owners hire them
BOAT OWNERS
They are local traders who hire fishermen for the whole season. They provide food, and other facilities to fishermen for the fishing trips. Sell fish to local consumers and other private parties. They are the middle men between fishermen and customers.
CUSTOMERS
They can be local public or private parties (local, national or international) who owns the fish industries. They buy fresh fish from the boat owners on contract basis.(for the whole season)
Administrator
They go for fishing trips for 7-10 days They also look after the fishing vessels and the other equipments (fishing gears, deck machinery electronic equipments communication equipments, etc..) been used for fishing.
Private parties
After processing in the industries, they exports the fish to local, national or international market.
Fisher women
Consumer
Tourist
Agent
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FACILITY :
Fish auction hall and packing hall Sorting table Fresh water Weighing balance Manual labor Furniture Auctioneers Ice plants Boxes/containers Inland/export market
SERVICES :
Fish processing Caning Drying/curing Salting Fish meal Fish oil
FACILITY :
Canning factories Fish drying/curing plants Brine tanks Fish meal plants Fish oil industries
Packing hall Sorting table Fish staking areas Fish loading areas Vehicle parking areas Refrigerated vans
Ancillary fish industries Boat engines Fishing gears Spare part for fishing vessels
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FACILITY :
Break waters Sand traps Sea walls Revetment Training walls Entrance channel Harbour basins Anchorage basin Hard surfaces Landing quays
SERVICES :
Boat repair, maintenance Engine repair Hull repair Boat elevators
FACILITY :
Repair quay Workshop Boat repair yard Dry dock Fixed / mobile cranes Hoists
Boat protection
Boat landing
Outfitting quays
Overhead water tank Fresh water outlet Fuelling station/ fuel outlets Ice plant
Boat building yard Timber yard Light house Buoys Echo sounders Fish finders Hooks Floats
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FACILITY :
Fishery administrative office/fishery harbour authority
SERVICES :
Civic amenities
FACILITY :
Shopping, recreational halls, drinking water, electricity, public toilets, provisions and commercial shops Guard house, fire fighters and life saving appliances Police out post Meteorological station Radio communication station, walkie-talkie Satellite/internet Gear sheds Net mending sheds Net drying yards Electrical shops, radio shops etc..
Weather forecasting Rest for fish agents and other people connected with fisheries Food Medical treatment Lodges Guest houses Dormitories Restaurants Provision shops First-aid Dispensary Post and telegraph E-mail, STD-ISD, Fax, internet Safety in waters
Fish forecasting Storage of gears Repair s to gear Repairs to instrument and equipments
Terrestrial communication
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BERTHING QUAYS :
The fishing vessels at the berthing quays can be moored either ALONGSIDE or PERPENDICULAR to the quay. In calculating the ALONGSIDE berthing quay length, the fact that fishing vessel lie abreast in three to four rows has to be considered. If the fishing vessels are moored PERPENDICULARLY touching their bow to the face of the berthing quay, the n also, it can safely be assumed that three to four vessels can be moored in that fashion within the length of one vessel of the same size.
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FISH UNLOADING:
FISH UNLOADING BY MANUAL LABOUR: Manual handling of fish in basket or plastic boxes is common in man countries including India. FISH UNLOADING BY SCOOPING: Fish unloading by scoop is common in British Columbia and Alaska. In northern Europe, particularly in Scandinavian countries like Denmark, the purse seine boats use scoops for unloading. FISH UNLOADING BY CONTAINER: Fish unloading can be faster , if large boxes or containers are used instead of baskets, scoops or net bags. FISH UNLOADING BY MECHANICAL CONVEYORS: Specially designed elevators combined with mechanical conveyors are well suited for the unloading operation of frozen/iced fish in boxes. UNLOADING BY FISH PUMPS: Fish pumps are extensively used to unload industrial fish for the fish processing plants in Chile, Peru, Ecuador and Mexico
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POPULATION :
No of fishermen per boat: 6 No. of boats at the harbour : 200- 250 Total no. of fishermen 1200-1500 No. of boat owners/ agents: 20
AFTER EXTENSION: Fish capacity : 5-6 tone/day Ice capacity : 12-14 tone/day
No. of private parties: 20(10 workers each) No of workers- 200 Others : 100 Visitors : 100-150 Total :2000 AFTER EXTENTION:
Total : 3000
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PROGARMME :
AUCTION HALL: (20) agents offices on upper floor (10) packing hall on ground floor Container storage space Toilet block Administration office COLD STORAGE AND ICE PLANT: Area for ice making plant Fresh fish Ice box storage Cold storage Machinery room Mechanical shop Admin. Office Toilet PARKING: 20-25 Trucks 10-15 Carriage Van 35-40 Cars 60-70 Two-Wheelers 2(35x100) sq.mt 20(10x5.0 sq.mt) 10(10x10 sq.mt) 1000 sq.mt 50 sq.mt 100 sq.mt 30x40 sq.mt 18x13 sq.mt 10x6 sq.mt 18x20 sq.mt 12x10 sq.mt 6x3 sq.mt 12x6 sq.mt 6x3 sq.mt 3500 sq.mt 50 sq.mt each 25 sq.mt each 20 sq.mt each 15 sq.mt each GEAR SHEDS: Cabins with storage REST SHEDS Rest area Seating areas TOILET/BATH AREA NET MENDING SHED NET DRYING YARD WORKSHOP 4(6x9 sq.mt) 3(35x10 sq.mt) 1800-2000 sq.mt 2(35x10 sq.mt) 2(35x10 sq.mt)
15x20 sq.mt
11x12 sq.mt 4x7.5 sq.mt 4x5 sq.mt 7x4 sq.mt 20(10x10) sq.mt 10x3 sq.mt 10x4 sq.mt 7x4 sq.mt 4x3 sq.mt 2x4 sq.mt
2.4.4 Programme
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SHOPS FOR THE WORKSHOP Fishing gear Deck machinery Deck equipments Electronics equip.. Fish proc. equip.. Navigation equip.. Communication equip. HEALTH CENTRE BANK AND ATM E-MAIL/ INTERNET/ STD/IST/PCO CANTEEN RESTAURANT SHOPS General store Provisional store Medical store
7(3x5) sq.mt
GUEST HOUSE Reception Foyer Waiting Administration Office Meeting/ Conference Hall Dinning Hall Kitchen Store Toilet Room PARKING
1500 sq.mt 3x3 sq.mt 5x10 sq.mt 5x3 sq.mt 5x3 sq.mt 10x10 sq.mt 10x10 sq.mt 5x3 sq.mt 3x3 sq.mt 3x2 sq.mt 12(5x4.5) sq.mt 3000 sq.mt 50 sq.mt each 25 sq.mt each 20 sq.mt each 15 sq.mt each
8x15 sq.mt 8x20 sq.mt 9x9 sq.mt 15x15 sq.mt 2(15x15) sq.mt 3(3x5) sq.mt
2.4.4 Programme
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FISH LANDING MODULE Fish auction and packing halls, fish loading areas, chilled storage, freezing plants, vehicle parking areas, vehicle service station, fish processing plants, fish drying/curing yards, fish industries, fishery administration office, fish auctioneers office, box stores, radiocommunication station etc
BERTHING MODULE Fishing gear storage sheds, net mending and drying areas, fishermen rest sheds, marine supplies stores, gear and tool sales shops etc
OUTFITTING MODULE Fuelling station, fuel storage, overhead water tank, underground water sumps, surface fresh water supply tanks, ice plants, ice storage etc. REPAIR MODULE Sloping hard and other boat hauling systems, workshops, boat parking, boat repair, boat building yard, automobile, radio and instrumentation shops etc PUBLIC UTILITIES MODULE Restaurants, guest house, toilets, civic amenities like provision shops, health centre, bank, communication etc
However, among the different modules, some modules like fish landing and outfitting would need access to ice plant facility from where ice need to be collected and supplied to both modules. The chilled store, freezing plants and fish processing plants would also heavily depend on ice plants for ice supply. It is, therefore, necessary that such facilities shared by two or more modules are put up at a place convenient to the sharing modules.
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FISH LANDING MODULE IDLE BERTHING MODULE PUBLIC UTILITIES MODULE
OUTFITTING MODULE
REPAIR MODULE
FISH AUCTION AND PACKING HALL LANDING AREA FOR VESSELS PARKING FOR VESSELS
FUELLING STATION
SLOPING HARD, BOUT HAULING SYSTEM MECHANICAL, ELECTRICAL, CARPENTRY WORKSHOP BOAT REPAIR YARD BOAT PARKING YARD BOAT BOULDING YARD TIMBER YARD AUTOMOBILE, RADIO, INSTRUMENTATION AND SPARE PARTS
RESTAURANT
ICE PLANT
FISH INDUSTRIES
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FLOW OF FISH :
The disposal of fresh fish at the landing quays, further involves transportation to places like fish auction hall and packing halls, fish processing industries, ancillary fish industries and to places of local, national and international fish markets. Part of the fresh fish gets diverted to freezing plants, chilled storage and frozen storage. However, trash fish will get diverted to industrial use like fish drying, production of fish meal, fish oil, fertilizer etc The flow of fish in a fishery harbour is shown in the flow chart given.
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FLOW OF BOATS :
The fishing boats arrives in a fishery harbour after their voyage. First, they go over to landing quay to unload the fish catch. After that, the boats move on to the berthing quay for the idle berthing till the next fishing trip or To repair quay for undergoing minor repairs or hauled on to land for major repairs to boat hull, engine etc Before starting on a fishing trip, they take fuel, ice and fresh water from the outfitting quay and leave the harbour for their next fishing voyage.
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LANDSIDE
AUCTION HALL:
FACILITIES :
The width of the fish auction hall can be greater in case of major fishery harbour , say 25 to 30 m, depending on the fish landing and other activities taking place in such a fish auction hall It is preferable to build the auction hall with adequate floor space, in two or more floors, so that the offices of management staff, fish agents etc., can be accommodated in the same building.
To avoid the fresh fish being exposed to sun heat and to avoid long haulage of fish, the fish auction hall has to be, as far as possible, located close to the landing quay
The distance between the quay and the fish auction halls should, therefore, not be more than 10m. Similar to fish auction hall, the fish packing hall needs to be located immediately behind the landing quay so that they remain within the reach of the fishing boat derricks, fixed/ mobile cranes or the lifts for easy transfer of heavy fish containers. The clear height of the eaves/canopy from the quay top should be such that it permits safe movement of trolleys and some other small vehicles to have access to the boats.
The structural design of the fish auction hall demands that the columns and internal walls should either be minimum or totally avoided, if necessary, by adopting shell-roof structure so as to guarantee smooth flow of fish, vehicular transport and movement of fishery industry people. The internal columns, if cannot be avoided, should be spaced as wide as possible (at least 10m c/c of columns) so that least interference is caused to the movement of fish boxes. The height of the building should be at least of 5 m height.
On the rear side of side of the packing halls, fish loading areas and roadways would be required for the quick transportation of sold fish, in addition to providing adequate parking areas for the vehicles waiting for their turn at the fish loading areas. The building should be oriented in such a way that the fish processing operations take place in shaded, dust free conditions. Adequate windows and skylights should be provided to allow for natural light and ventilation within the building.
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ICE PLANTS : The ideal place for the ice plant in a fishery harbour will be at an equidistant place between the auction hall and the out fitting quay so that ice can be quickly supplied to both the auction halls , packing halls and fishing boats. CHILLED STORAGE : They are the insulated stores mechanically cooled to the heat losses, the fishes having been brought down to the desired temperature by icing. The chilled storage space requirement for each tone of fish on, an average, can be around 10 to 15 sq.mt
FISHING GEAR STORAGE SHEDS : Fishing vessel operators require sheds for storing their fishing gear and tools such as nets, baskets, sinkers, buoys, anchors, chains, ropes etc.. during the rest period. They should be located close to the berthing quay so that the fishermen need not have to carry them a long distance. The floor space needed for each boat operator in the gear storage shed will be a room size of 4x4 sq.mt
NET MENDING SHEDS : After every fishing trip, the fishing nets will be wet and damaged to some extent. Therefore net mending sheds are desirable landside facility. The net mending sheds should be provided with the net drying yard in the form of enough open space on either sides of the sheds to enable the fishermen to spread their wet nets for drying out . It should be 5 to10m wide, open on all four sides and its length appropriate to the needs of the fishermen. It should be placed on east-west direction.
WORKSHOP : The fishermen would be needing special services such as mechanical shop, black-smith shops, lathe shops, carpentry shops, electrical repair shops etc for repair works for their boats and equipments. PARKING AREA : parking areas should be provided near the fish auction halls, admin. Office etc. The extent of parking areas needed can be calculated on the basis that 50 sq.m land area is needed for each truck and 25 sq.m for each car/jeep, which will include the access roads, driveway spaces, clearance etc.