Class 8 Conditional Logic

DECISION-BASED ALGORITHMS

Agenda
Lateral Thinking Warm-up
Review Pseudocode & Flowchart Basics Discuss Conditions for Decisions Develop Notation for Conditions Develop Algorithms Incorporating Conditions Write Code to Accommodate Conditions Project Work

Pseudocode Review
Pseudo-code is structured English that states

the steps to the problem solution

1. 2. 3. 4.

Statements are written in simple English Each instruction/step is written on a separate line Keywords and indentation are used to signify particular control structures Each set of instructions is written from top to bottom, with only one entry and one exit

Pseudocode in Programs
Start Program # Prompt for Assignment Name # Get Assignment Name and assign to variable
# Loop through Students 1-12 # prompt for grade # get grade and assign to variable # End Loop

Flow Chart Notation Review

Terminal symbol- indicates the starting or stopping point of logic:

Input/Output symbol- reading or writing input/output:

Process Symbol- any single process, such as assigning a value or performing a calculation:
Decision Symbol- comparisons/ T or F decision:

Flowlines- connect symbols in the flowchart:

arrow head suggests flow of data a straight line may be used to indicate a relationship

start

Sample FlowChart
Pseudocode
# Start Program
# Prompt for assignment # Set a counter # Loop through grades
# Get student grade # Increment counter

Assignment

name?

Set counter = 1

Counter>10?
Student

Grade? No

Yes

# End loop # Calculate Average # Print Average

Increment Counter

Calculate Average

# End Program

Print Average

end

Conditions
Example:
Input: 2 integers Choose result type: sum, difference, product,

quotient, modulus, or exponent Processing:?

Conditional Operators
Relational
Logical

Relational Operators
How does one item relate or compare to another?
a>b

a<b
a=b a<>b

Consider a=12 b=43 What is the effect on each of the conditions?

a>=b
a<=b

Relational Operators
How does one item relate or compare to another?
a>b false true false

a<b
a=b

a<>b true

Consider a=12 b=43 What is the effect on each of the conditions?

a>=b false
a<=b true

Logical Operators
For complex conditions
AND OR
Consider a=Today is Tuesday b=It is Raining What is the effect on each of the conditions?

NOT
A AND B A OR B

NOT A
A OR NOT B

Exercise 8-1
Handout
Evaluate Conditional Operators Excel solutions

Branching (Flow Control)

Single Condition
if - then

Dual Condition
if else end if

Multiple Condition
select/ case

Notation - Single
Pseudocode
START
Prompt for input Get input x If x>4 then
Display Hurray

Flowchart
start

get x

End if

T
x>4?
Print Hurray

END

F
end

Notation - Dual
Pseudocode
START
Prompt for input Get input x If x>4 then
Display Hurray

Flowchart
start

Get x

else
Display Sorry

T
x>4?
Print Hurray

F
Print Sorry

End if

END

end

Notation Multiple (Pseudocode)

# START

# Prompt for input # Get input x # Evaluate (Case for x)

# where x= 3 # print close # where x= 2 # print very close # where x= 1 # print bang on # where x is anything else # print not even close

# End case # END

Notation Multiple (Flowchart)

start

Get x F eval x T
Print close

F
X=2 X=1

X=3

T
Print very close

T
Print bang on Print not even close

end

Case versus Nested IF

START Prompt for input Get input x if x= 3 print close else if x= 2 print very close else if x= 1 print bang on else print not even close end if end if end if END

START Prompt for input Get input x CASE FOR X case x= 3 print close case x= 2 print very close case x= 1 print bang on case other print not even close END CASE END

Exercise 8-2
Handout
Develop Pseudocode and Flowchart

Conditional Code in Ruby

Conditionals
Relational a>b, a<b, a<=b, a>=b, a==b, a!=b

Logical && (AND), || (OR), ! (NOT) Requires parenthesis E.g. if (A>6 && C!=Math)

Ruby Demo

Quest: Project Work

Rubric
1. Application Interface is simple and

functional (6) 2. Application functions all work with appropriate and intuitive prompts (8) 3. Application presents an attractive output and then exits cleanly without any errors. (6) (hint: pseudocode will allow me to substitute for any lost marks)

Project Work
Total value=20% Due by start of class next week Prefer you zip the file and email to me
Otherwise Ill copy it to my flash disk at start

of class

Summary
Review Notation
Pseudocode and flowcharts Conditional logic Relational operators Logical operators

Branching/ Flow Control

Ruby language
Project evaluation

Questions?
Enjoy the holiday
Lest we forget