Done By: Chan Yong Jie (3) Ervin Ang (8) Low Yi Dah (13) Quek Yee Kiat

(18) Tan Chin Han (23) Vince Toh (28)

 Eastern half of North America South America - Southern Chile, Middle East coast of Paraguay Middle of Europe Asia Japan, Eastern China Southwest Russia New Zealand Southeastern Australia Latitude ranges from 23 north to 38 south.

 Summer months usually begin in early June and end in late August Mild summers averaging about 21C Winter months begin around December Average temperature during Winter is a little below freezing

 Almost all of the world's deciduous forests are located by an ocean The ocean and the wind are two big factors of why the temperature and climate change so much in this biome

More than 18 inches of rain during summer Almost 14 inches of rain during winter

 Top layer or canopy - Tree Stratum Zone - Height of trees range from 60 feet to 100 feet - E.g. oak, beech, maple, chestnut hickory, elm, basswood, linden, walnut, sweet gum trees Second layer Saplings, Shorter types of trees

 Third layer Shrub Zone - E.g. rhododendrons, azaleas, mountain laurel, huckleberries Fourth layer Herb Zone - E.g. wildflowers, berries

Fifth layer Ground Zone - E.g. lichen, mosses

 During summer, deciduous trees broad leaves capture energy from the sun and convert it to food by photosynthesising During autumn, the sunshine becomes more scarce and the leaves on the trees stop making new chlorophyll. As the old chlorophyll starts to break down, the green color of the leaf begins to go away, revealing brilliant colours (e.g. orange, yellow and red).

 During winter, plants and trees lose their leaves and seal the places where leaves were attached with a protective covering called a leaf scar If they kept their leaves, the water in the leaves would freeze into ice, damaging the leaves and leaving the plant vulnerable to bacteria or fungi

Plants also make a concentrated sugar solution to stop water from freezing in their stems

 Deciduous trees have thick bark to protect them from the cold weather.

 Deciduous trees have shallow roots. The primary function of these roots is to absorb water and nutrients. They have extensions (root hairs) which increase root surface area and increase nutrient and water uptake.

Tall and wide tree Tree size is from 90 to 100 feet tall Spreads 50 to 70 feet The bark on the tree is very smooth, pale and gray The leaves are bright green and about three inches in length The leaves have distinct, strong veins and toothed edges.

 In the spring, carpet moss is golden green and turns dark green as it gets older Its has sets of parallel leaves, flaps of chloroplast-containing cells that are long and narrow. These carry out photosynthesis and may help to conserve moisture by partially enclosing the gas exchange surfaces.

 http://www.sunrisesol.com/Lily/ http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/ http://projectbeak.org/habitats/deciduo us_vegetation.htm http://www.mbgnet.net/sets/temp/what s.htm http://www.plantplaces.com/perl/viewp lantdetails.pl?filter=plant&plant_ID=476&f ullname=Fagus%20grandifolia%20%20Am erican%20Beech

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moss http://www.nasw.org/users/sperkins/fallle af.html http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Experi ments/Biome/biotemperate.php http://www.ipm.iastate.edu/ipm/hortne ws/1992/4-1-1992/treeroot.html http://www.worldofstock.com/stock photos/forest-of-evergreen-trees-withmoss-carpet/NTR1740