Professional Documents
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e-mail:jannhidajat@sbm.itb.ac.id
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Knowledge Management
1. Introduction 2. Learning Organization (LO) 3. Knowledge Management (KM) 4. Knowledge Innovation Management (KIM) 5. The Challenges of LO Implementation in Indonesia 6. Conclusions
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Man power Mind power Population Workplace Explosion Technology Computerization Explosion Robotics Multi careers
Information Explosion
Depletion of Less number Resources Employed Global Market No Constants Growing Underclass
Complexity
Solutions?
Uncertainties
Techno -fear Real Income Job losses Drop 20% Unemployment No Safety Knowledge Management 3 Nets Weakening Social Supports
SOUL=
TECHNOLOGY/ROAD TO WORK
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Knowledge Management
Knowledge (tacit and/or explicit knowledge) which are embedded in knowledge workers, is the most important and significant asset.
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a.
Justified belief that increases an entitys capacity for effective action (Ikujiro Nonaka,
Organization Sciences, 1994).
b.
KNOWLEDGE Know How What works Useful What help you do your job well ?
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Knowledge Management
1. Knowledge is a main economic resource. 2. Knowledge dissemination is not restricted by space & time
5. Knowledge which can be transformed into process/ system (explicit knowledge) is more valuable compared to knowledge in the form of human mind (tacit knowledge)
6. Human capital is a key component to create new innovation which brings value 7. Effective communication strongly affects knowledge flow
(Amidon, 1997)
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(Human Capital)
People/ Leadership
Process Technology
Comprehensive Dynamic Relationships as assets Collaborative Sets of alliances Value-adding Revenue/investment Sustained growth Interdependence Value system Knowledge processing Flow/process
Tacit/explicit knowledge
Debra M.A & Doug Macnamara, 7 Cs of Knowledge Leadership: Innovating our Future , 1996 2/4/2013 Knowledge Management
ECONOMIC
ECONOMIC COMPANY
Philosophy: Company = Activities Collection (Profit for Rich)
vs
LEARNING
LIVING COMPANY
Philosophy : Company = Human Collection (Profit for Life)
Economic Machine
Mechanic Organization
Economic Value Added
Learning Organization
1. Economic Value Added 2. Spiritual Value Added
LIKE MACHINE
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Knowledge Lost
I bring my knowledge died or move to other company
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Knowledge Worker?
The most important, and indeed truly unique, contribution of management in the 20th century was the fifty-fold increase in the productivity of the manual worker in manufacturing.
The most important contribution management needs to make in the 21st century is similarly to increase the productivity of knowledge work and the knowledge worker
Peter F. Drucker
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Living Assets?
1. LIVING or INTANGIBLE ASSETS
(HUMAN BRAIN = Knowledge Machine)
Macro issues are sensitive but we have neglected people. We must now invest in recruitment and training as priorities. The most critical internal factor is the quality and dedication of the people. This is the only factor that makes a real difference in finding the path to growth. People will define the speed that the company can adapt to change.
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build constructive relationships with other entities, within and outside itself. 4) Conservative financing = the ability to govern its own growth and evolution effectively.
Arie de Geus
No longer is it enough for leaders to manage the resources of an organization - successful organizations will be the ones with outstanding employee relations. - Jack Stack
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C O M P E T I T I V E N E S S
SMART
Learning Organization
INOVATION
Innovative Organization
FLEXIBLE
Flexible Organization
QUALITY
Quality Organization
COST
Efficient Organization
60th 70th 80th 90th 2000th
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YEAR
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Knowledge Management
for
Knowledge Management
Innovation Management
Learning Organization
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PART-1
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the set of individual, team and organizational processes and skills for creating new knowledge (e.g. work improvement, improvisation, process or product innovation) at all levels and units in an organization and for sharing or transferring knowledge across an organization to those who need it.
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Coca-Cola Shell Oil First National Bank Corp. Chevron British Petroleum Chrysler Corp. Intel Harley Davidson Toyota Mitsubishi Nokia Sony Samsung LG HP
SMART ORGANIZATION
LEARNING DISCIPLINES
KNOWLEDGE
LEARNING FACILITIES
WORKERS
(LEADERS)
LEARNING ENABLER
LEARNING HABITAT
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1. LEARNING FOUNDATION = LEARNING HABITAT: a. A CLIMATE OF TRUST b. LEARNING CULTURE 2. LEARNING ENABLER = LEADERSHIP: a. LEADERSHIP 3. LEARNING FIRST PILLARS = KNOWLEDGE WORKERS: a. MIND SET AND HABITS 4. LEARNING SECOND PILLAR = LEARNING FACILITIES: a. LEARNING SYSTEM 5. LEARNING ROOF = LEARNING DISCIPLINES: a. PERSONAL MASTERY b. SHARED VISION c. MENTAL MODEL d. SYSTEMS THINKING e. TEAM LEARNING
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d. Learning skills
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2. Implementation steps:
a. R1 = Develop individual learning capability
Personal Mastery
b. R2 = Develop team learning capability - share knowledge skills c. R3 = Develop organizational learning capability
human capital
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(5) R3
(3) R1
Employees involved
(4) R2
(1) Investment in Initiative for Learning and Change
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PART-2
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Knowledge assets?
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KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
HUMAN WARE INTANGIBLE ASSETS LEARNING ORGANIZATION HARD WARE MECHANISM (ENABLER)
SYSTEM, ORGANIZATION AND ICT (Process and Technology) 1. SHORT TERM OBJECTIVE: How to become learning
organization habits for continuous creating and acquiring new individual knowledge and transferring it to new organizational knowledge/behavior/actions, to sustain being the intelligence organization
class organization habits for continuous performance improvement, to sustain being the best 31 2/4/2013 Knowledge Management
1. 2. 3. 4.
Policy and Strategy Organization & Business Process Performance Management Information & Comm Technology
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KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
LEARNING ORGANIZATION
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Knowledge Management
Value Creation Value creation for Workers for Customers
Learning Organization
Value Creation for Stakeholders
Knowledge Worker
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1.
Effective KM requires hybrids solutions involving both people and technology. 2. KM is highly political. 3. KM requires Knowledge Managers. 4. KM benefit more from maps than models, more from market than hierarchies. 5. Sharing and using knowledge are often unnatural acts. 6. KM means improving knowledge work processes. 7. Access to knowledge is only the beginning. 8. KM never ends. 9. KM requires knowledge contract 10. KM is expensive, but if you dont?
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LEARNING ORGANIZATION
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PRINCIPLES
INTANGIBLE
ASSETS
4. Performance System.
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STRATEGI
ASUMSI:
NILAI
BELUM DEWASA
INNER SHIFT
PEMIMPIN
1 ING MADYO MANGUN KARSO MEMBANGUN 4 HABITAT: RASA SALING PERCAYA DAN BUDAYA BELAJAR MEMBANGUN KEDEWASAAN & KETERAMPILAN BELAJAR 5
OUTER SHIFT
CIPTAKAN SUASANA KRISIS 2 STRATEGI PERUBAHAN SISTEM DAN ORGANISASI ADAPTIF MEMBANGUN ICT
3 5 6
STRATEGI: PUSH
PRODUKTIVITAS INTERNAL
PEMIMPIN
PART-3
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The creation, evolution, exchange and application of new ideas into marketable goods and services for: 1. The success of an enterprise
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Issue
Philosophy
Knowledge Management
Knowledge as the asset
Focus
sharing what we know, such as best practice or transform tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge.
Develop knowledge economy (creative economy)
Knowledge Management
Goal
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1st
2nd
as the Asset Link to Business Interdependency Costsharing Matrix Proactive cooperation Project to project basis Data-based
3rd
as the Asset Technology/ Business Integration Systematic R&D management Balancing Risk/Reward Distributed collaboration Structured collaboration Purposeful R&D/ Portfolio InformationBased
4th
as the Asset Integration with customer R&D Accelerated discontinuous global change Productivity paradox Multi dimensional COPs Focus on values & capacity Feedback loops &information persistence
5th
Technology
as the Asset Core Strategy Change factors Performance Structure People Process R&D in isolation Unpredictable serendipity R&D as overhead Hierarchical; funct. driven We/They competition Minimal communication Embryonic
Project
Enterprise
Customer
Knowledge
as the Asset Collaboration Innovation System Kaleidoscopic dynamic Intellectual capacity/ impact Symbiotic networks Self managing knowledge worker cross-boundary learning and knowledge flow
Technology
CUST. RETENTION
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Knowledge Management Debra M. Amidons Innovation Strategies for the Knowledge Economy: The Ken Awakening,41 1996
VI V IV
A B
III
II I
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Structure
FunctionallyDriven
Technology Data-Based
Process
Linear Sequential Transactional Dual Communication Mutual Exchange Cross-Functionall Communication ChangeOriented Integrated Interaction Transformational Real-Time Global Learning Symbiotic
Functionally Interconnected Centralized Command & Control Decentralized Local Autonomy Distributed Network Multiple, Dynamic Modes
Information - based
Knowledge Exchange
Push-Pull Balance Learning Process Role Definition Accountability Self-Managing System Empowerment
KnowledgeBased
Management
Knowledge
Management
Knowledge Innovation
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Debra M. Amidons Innovation Strategies for the Knowledge Economy: The Ken Awakening, 1996 Knowledge Management 43
1. 2.
Units = tend to create isolated islands of knowledge) encourage the flow of knowledge between partners, customers, suppliers, research organization and other stakeholders, including competitors, in the innovation process.
3.
4.
articulated need) helps identify those future unarticulated needs, the source of growth and future success.
Debra M. Amidons Innovation Strategies for the Knowledge Economy: The Ken Awakening, 1996
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1. Learning culture and trust (learning habitat) problems 2. Organization structure and Performance Management problems.
3. Leadership problems they cant function as an enabler to develop learning habitat and learning facilitator.
4. Macro economic, political and society constraints not conducive.
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1. Bangladesh, Kamboja, Fiji, Iran, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Langka not yet identified of KM implementation, whether in macro level as well as micro level. 2. Indonesia, Philipina and Vietnam didnt have any national policy or strategy of KM implementation to develop knowledge-based economy. 3. KM in Asian Countries (example): a. Korea vision (e-Korea Vision 2006) b. India Vision 2020: Nation blasting with energy, entrepreneurship and innovation, where knowledge is free. c. Singapore vision 21st century: Knowledge-based society d. Malaysia vision 2020: Knowledge-based Economy e. Thailand vision 2010: Knowledge-based Economic and Society. f. Taiwan vision: KM in Single and Medium Enterprise.
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1. KM is not ICT. Success implementation of KM depend on: 70% people mind set and habits: Soft Skills (Values, Culture, Behavior and Attitude) and Hard Skills (Knowledge and Skills) 30% Process (Policy & Rules; Governance; Business Process) and Technology (IT, Tools and Infrastructure). 2. KM implementation is not a project, but a long journey of shifting (through learning organization), starting from development of people mind set and habits, guided by good leadership.
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e. f.
g. h. i. j. k.
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5. The foundation for a knowledge economic order has been laid. This is a very different paradigm from previous agricultural, industrial or service economies. The challenge is to determine the integral linkage between human potential and economic performance . 6. The knowledge economy only affords an unprecedented opportunity for creating the future. The answers lie in an effective innovation strategy, redefined according to the flow of knowledge: ideas to prosperity. 7. Increasingly management responsibilities will be viewed as facilitating the learning process, which includes external stakeholders (e.g., suppliers, distributors, alliance partners, customers, and even competitors). How these relationships are managed is far more a matter of collaborative expertise than the competitive skill with which most are familiar.
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8. With the emerging community of innovation practice, it is understood that various practitioners throughout the value system can contribute. Implementation will vary (company to company, industry to industry, nation to nation), but coming to a common understanding of a mutual mission could enable better utilization of financial, technical and human resources. 9. The core premise of the future is collaboration. It does mean that their orientation shifts to one of sharing and leveraging one another for mutual success. In national and global terms, this is described as creating the common good from which all benefit, with true global symbiosis.
Debra M. Amidon Blueprint for the 21st Century Innovation Management, September 1998.
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SMART ORGANIZATION
LEARNING DISCIPLINES
KNOWLEDGE
LEARNING FACILITIES
WORKERS
LEARNING ENABLER
(LEADERS)
LEARNING HABITAT
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1. LEARNING FOUNDATION = LEARNING HABITAT: a. A CLIMATE OF TRUST b. LEARNING CULTURE 2. LEARNING ENABLER = LEADERSHIP: a. LEADERSHIP 3. LEARNING FIRST PILLARS = KNOWLEDGE WORKERS: a. MIND SET AND HABITS 4. LEARNING SECOND PILLAR = LEARNING FACILITIES: a. LEARNING SYSTEM 5. LEARNING ROOF = LEARNING DISCIPLINES: a. PERSONAL MASTERY b. SHARED VISION c. MENTAL MODEL d. SYSTEMS THINKING e. TEAM LEARNING
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Present
Future
Change Agent
Coach
(Transformational)
Change Agent
Internal Environment
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a) SYSTEMATIC PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS: Relying on the scientific method, insisting on data, and using simple statistical tools. b) EXPERIMENTATION WITH NEW APPROACHES: Training in evaluating experiments c) LEARNING FROM THE EXPERIENCES AND PAST HISTORY: Review their successes and failures.
d) LEARNING FROM BEST PRACTICES: Cultivate the art of open and attentive listening.
1. E-mail and internet have made it possible for professionals to draw on the latest thinking of their peers no mater they are located. 2. A geologist can compare data on an oil field to similar fields across the globe to assess its commercial potential. 3. An engineer can compare operational data on machine performance with data from a dozen other plants to find the patterns of performance problems. 4. A consulting company set up a best practices data-base with detailed description of projects so consultant around the globe could draw from each others experience. 5. A computer companys systems design group created an electronic library of system configurations so designers could draw from a store of pre-developed components.
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Discipline
Discipline
Team Learning
Discipline
(TB)
Systems Thinkin g
Disciplin e (BS)
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personal vision. Collective commitment to learning comes from individual commitment to learning. An organization that is continually learning how to create its future must be made up of individuals who are continually learning how to create more of what truly matters to them in their own lives.
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become frozen in inaccurate and disempowering views of reality because we lack the capability to see our assumptions, and to continually challenge and improve those assumptions. This requires fostering managerial skills in balancing inquiry and advocacy in organizations that have been traditionally dominated by advocacy. what we learn. The most important learning in contemporary organizations concerns gaining shared insight into complexity and how we can shape change. Systems thinking is about understanding wholes, not parts, and learning how our actions shape our reality.
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Focus?
Present
Future
Change Agent
(Transformational)
Coach
Change Agent
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Merci bien Arigatoo Matur Nuwun Hatur Nuhun Matur se Kelangkong Syukron Kheili Mamnun Danke Thank you Terima Kasih
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