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Chapter 4
Transformer Connections
Voltage Transformation Three-Phase Circuits Delta Connections Wye Connections Delta-to-Wye Connections Wye-to-Wye Connections Wye-to-Delta Connections Delta-to-Delta Connections Open Delta Connections Delta Connection with High Leg to Ground Three-Phase Transformer Polarity

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Transformer Connections

The low-voltage winding of a standard distribution transformer connected to a single-phase circuit is normally made with two equal coils. These sections are arranged so that they may be connected in series or parallel.

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Transformer Connections

Transformer polarity may be subtractive or additive.

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The polarity of a transformer may be determined using a known transformer or with AC voltage.

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Transformer Connections

A delta connection has the wires from the ends of each coil connected end-to-end to form a closed loop.

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Transformer Connections

Studying the current in a delta-connected system at both 0 and 90 illustrates the current flow in a deltaconnected system.

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Transformer Connections

A wye connection has one end of each coil connected together and the other end of each coil left open for external connections.

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Transformer Connections

Studying the current in a wye-connected system at both 0 and 90 illustrates the current flow in a wyeconnected system.

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A 3-phase delta-towye connection is often used for distribution where a four-wire secondary distribution circuit is required.

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Transformer Connections

Three single-phase transformers may be connected in a wye-to-wye connection to form a 3-phase transformer.

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Transformer Connections

A wye-to-delta connection permits single-phase and 3phase loads to be drawn simultaneously from the deltaconnected secondary at the same voltage.

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Transformer Connections

In a wye-to-delta connection of three singlephase transformers, one unit may be disconnected from the circuit and service maintained with the secondary operating in open delta connection at 57.7% of normal bank capacity.

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Transformer Connections

In a delta-to-delta connection, the voltage of each transformer is equal to the 3-phase line voltage and the current in each of the transformers is only 57.7% of the line current.

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Transformer Connections

Grounding one of the midpoints of the windings provides 240 V/120 V, single-phase, 3-wire service for lighting applications.

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An open delta connection makes 3-phase power available anywhere along the distribution line with the use of only two transformers rather than the usual three.

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A delta connection with a high leg to ground provides 240 V, 3-phase power to equipment and 120 V power for lighting and receptacles.

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The phase sequence on the secondary of a three-phase transformer is the same as the phase sequence on the primary.

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Transformer Connections

Transformers are classified into connection groups according to their phase shift.

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Transformer Connections

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Transformer Connections