Concentration

The quantity of solute in a given volume of

solution, which is usually 1 dm3

Concentration (g dm-3)

Mass of solute (g)

Volume of solution (dm3)
Molarity
The number of moles of solute that are
present in 1 dm3 of solution

Molarity (mol dm-3)

Number of moles of solute (mol)

Volume of solution (dm3)
 x Molar mass

Molarity (mol dm- Concentration (g

3
) dm-3)

÷ Molar mass
Examples…
The concentration of nitric acid, HNO3 is 126 g dm-3.
what is its molarity? [Relative atomic mass: H=1,
N=14, O=16]

Molar mass of HNO3

= 1 + 14 + 3(16) g mol-1
= 63 g mol-1
Molarity of HNO3
= 126 g dm-3
63 g mol-1
= 2.0 mol dm-3
How many moles of solute are in 20 cm3 of solution
with a molarity of 0.4 mol dm-3?

0.4 mol dm-3 of a solution contains 0.4 moles of

solute in 1 dm3 solution.
20 cm3 solution equals to 0.02 dm3 solution.
Therefore 0.02 dm3 contains
= 0.02 x 0.4 moles of solute
= 0.008 moles of solute
Calculate the volume of a 4 mol dm-3 solution
containing 2 moles of solute?

4 moles of solute are contained in 1 dm3 solution.

Therefore 2 moles of solute are contained in
= (1 dm3 / 4 moles) x 2 moles
= 0.5 dm3
= 500 cm3
Preparation of standard
solution
Activity of preparation of
standard solution
Put away any chemistry books!

Form 2 groups

You have to arrange the step of preparation of standard

solution in the correct sequence.

Select a presenter for each group to present your group

works in front of the class.

You only have 5 minutes to complete the task.

Start now!
Example…
Calculate the amount of sodium hydroxide to be
used for the preparation of 100 cm3 of sodium
hydroxide solution with a concentration of 2.0 mol
dm-3.

Molar mass of NaOH

= 23 + 16 + 1 = 40 g
Mass of NaOH required
= number of mole NaOH x Molecular mass of NaOH
= (MV / 1000) x 40 g
= (2.0 / 1000) x 100 x 40 g
= 8.0 g
DILUTION
 Add
water

10
times 1000
100
dilution cm3 of
cm3 of
diluted
original
solutio
solutio
n
n Solute
particl
e

Original concentration: New concentration:

10 particles per 100 1 particles per 100
cm3 cm3
 M1 x V1 = M2 x
V2
M1 = molarity of the solution before water is
V = volume of the added
1 solution before water is
added
M2 = molarity of the solution after water is
added
V2 = volume of the solution after water is
added
Example…

Calculate the volume of 2.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid,

H2SO4 needed to prepare 100 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3
sulphuric acid, H2SO4.

The volume of H2SO4 needed

= (1.0 x 100) / 2.0
= 50 cm3