DUAL-FUEL ENGINE : IMPROVEMENT

Presented By: SHAJEER PA MQAJEME053 S8 ME MCET

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INTRODUCTION
Increasing consumption, Less production, Rising the price and High

pollution: The petroleum based oils are no more reliable in the future.
Alternative fuels seems to be a solution, but presently the cost of

production is high.
Another one is Dual Fuel Technology, but due to high pollution

rate, it also cant be a better solution.

If the combination of these two technologies give a Better,

Efficient, Reliable and Less Pollution engine, then it will be a new hope for future.
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Dual Fuel Engine Technology

Dual-fuel Natural gas engines are based upon

diesel technology.
The primary fuel is natural gas and they are

designed to operate interchangeably with diesel as a pilot ignition source.

When idling these engines tend to operate on 100% diesel. As the

vehicle begins to move to full load performance, an increasing amount of natural gas replaces the diesel fuel up to 80%.

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Dual Fuel Engine Characteristics

When an experiment on a 8 cylinder, 175kW, 4 Stroke Diesel engine

in dual fuel mode was carried out following results were obtained.
Operating Cost is less.

Power developed is slightly lower than diesel engine.

Lower CO2 emission up to 17%. Fuel consumption is increased by 32%. NOx & CO emission is increased.

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Mahua Oil An alternative to Diesel

Now a days, Vegetable oil as a substitute for diesel is a main

concern of the renewable energy researchers.

Due to the increased demand of edible vegetable oils in India,

non-edible oils is preferred for the bio-diesel production.

In these aspects, Mahua Oil is a good Alternative fuel for the

diesel.

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Mahua Oil
Mahua - A large deciduous tree found in south

Indian forests, yields fruits whose kernel contains 20 50 % oil.

This is then converted in to bio-diesel by the process

Trans esterification.
Among the various esters obtained by the processing, Methyl

ester of Mahua oil (MOME) is found to be the best choice due to low emissions and high efficiency.

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Why MOME??
MOME has a higher thermal efficiency (28.31%) than diesel

(26.36%).
85% reduction in CO emission. 67% reduction in HC emission. 10% reduction in NOX emission. Exhaust Gas Temperature is High, means better combustion. Effective conversion of CO in to CO2.

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MOME As A Pilot Fuel In Dual Fuel Engine

As MOME is a good alternative to the Diesel with better

emission control, it can be used as the pilot fuel in dual-fuel engine along with the LPG/CNG/Bio-Gas.
An experiment was carried out on a single cylinder 4 Stroke

diesel engine with 3.7kW power, using MOME as pilot fuel along with LPG.

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Experiment Details:
The experiment was conducted on the engine using the diesel

and MOME as fuel at standard injection time of 240 b-TDC to provide basic line data.
Then it is repeated in the dual fuel mode for various injection

time of the MOME at various proportion of the LPG usage.

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EXPERIMENTAL SET UP

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ENGINE SPECIFICATION

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Experiment Details:
The engine was started with MOME as sole fuel and the load

was gradually increased to 50% of the full load.

Then the LPG was fumigated along with the air and the LPG

flow rate was varied up to the maximum value such that the engine does not knock.
After the engine tests at the injection time of 24 b-TDC, the

injection time was advanced to 27 and 30 b-TDC using shims.

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Experiment Details:
The brake power of the engine was calculated by measuring

the engine speed and torque.

The fuel consumption per hour was calculated by measuring

fuel consumed per unit time.

From the brake power and fuel consumption, the brake

thermal efficiency of the engine was determined.

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RESULTS
LPG share vs BTE (Brake Thermal Efficiency)

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LPG share vs EGT (Exhaust Gas Temperature)

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LPG share vs Smoke

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LPG share vs CO

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LPG share vs NOx (Oxides of Nitrogen)

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LPG share vs UBHC (Unburned Hydro Carbon)

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CONCLUSION
The fuel properties of MOME are closer to those of diesel fuel

and satisfy the biodiesel standards of many countries.

When MOME was used as sole fuel in the diesel engine, it

resulted in lower thermal efficiency and lower exhaust emissions such as CO, UBHC and smoke.
In dual fuel mode, the injection timing of 27 b-TDC results

in higher efficiency and lower CO, UBHC.

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CONCLUSION
But the injection timing 27 b-TDC results in higher NOx

emission than the Diesel.

From the experimental results it is concluded that LPG can be

fumigated with the air in order to reduce the operating cost and to reduce the smoke and NOx emissions of biodiesel operated diesel engines.
Advancing the injection time to 27 b-TDC improves the

performance of dual fuel engines operated at part load.

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