13

Monitoring and Improving Performance

Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

 Objectives

After completing this lesson, you should be able to do

the following:
• Troubleshoot invalid and unusable objects
• Gather optimizer statistics
• View performance metrics
• Deal with performance issues

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 Performance Monitoring

Memory
allocation
issues

Input/outpu Resource
t contention
device
contention
?
DBA
Application Network
code bottlenecks
problems

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 Monitoring Methodologies

• Reactive
• Proactive:
– Server-generated alerts
– Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor (ADDM)

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 Database and Instance Metrics

Several performance statistics are available through:

• Data dictionary
• Dynamic performance views
• Optimizer statistics

DBA

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 Database and Instance Metrics
Full Notes Page

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 Data Dictionary Metrics

You can view the status of:

• PL/SQL code objects
• Indexes

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 Invalid and Unusable Objects

• PL/SQL code objects are recompiled.

• Indexes are rebuilt.

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 Invalid and Unusable Objects
Full Notes Page

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 Optimizer Statistics

Optimizer statistics are:

• Not real time
• Persistent across instance restarts
• Collected automatically
SQL> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM hr.employees;
COUNT(*)
----------
214
SQL> SELECT num_rows FROM dba_tables
2 WHERE owner='HR' AND table_name = 'EMPLOYEES';
NUM_ROWS
----------
107

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 Optimizer Statistics
Full Notes Page

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 Using the Manage Optimizer
Statistics Page

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 Manage Optimizer Statistics Page
Full Notes Page

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 Manually Gathering Optimizer Statistics

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 Dynamic Performance Views

Dynamic Performance views are:

• Real time
• Nonpersistent across instance restarts
SQL> SELECT name, value FROM v$sysstat
2 WHERE name='sorts (memory)' ORDER BY name;
NAME VALUE
--------------- ----------
sorts (memory) 1979183
SQL> /
NAME VALUE
--------------- ----------
sorts (memory) 1979184

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 Viewing Metric Information

1. Use the All Metrics link in the

Related Links region.
2. Drill down for in-depth
analysis.

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 Reacting to Performance Issues

Use Enterprise Manager to:

• Find key performance issues
• Drill down to the root cause

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 Reacting to Performance Issues

Drill down to performance measurements to identify

bottlenecks.

• CPU user: A specific update statement

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 Tuning Tips

Considerations:
• There are some general guidelines that serve as a
starting point in performance tuning.
• Your situation may not fit the guideline.
• Test any changes under a representative
production environment to see the effects.
• There are written volumes and multiday classes
dedicated to tuning an Oracle database.

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 Tuning Activities

The three activities in performance management are:

• Performance planning
• Instance tuning
• SQL tuning

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 Performance Planning

• Investment options
• System architecture
• Scalability
• Application design principles
• Workload testing, modeling, and implementation
• Deploying new applications

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 Performance Planning
Full Notes Page

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 Instance Tuning

• Have well-defined goals.

• Allocate memory to database structures.
• Consider I/O requirements in each part of the
database.
• Tune the operating system for optimal
performance of the database.

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 Tuning Memory Allocation

SGA
Database
buffer cache
Streams pool Redo log
buffer
Shared pool

Large pool Fixed SGA

Java pool

SGA_TARGET = 8G
What is the optimal allocation?
STATISTICS_LEVEL = TYPICAL

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 Tuning Memory Allocation
Full Notes Page

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 Memory Tuning: Guidelines

• Try to fit the SGA into physical memory.

• Tune for a high buffer cache hit ratio, with the
following caveats:
– Even valid and necessary full table scans lower it.
– It is possible that unnecessary repeated reads of
the same blocks are artificially raising it.
• Use the Memory Advisor.

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 Memory Tuning Guidelines
Full Notes Page

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 Memory Tuning Guidelines
for the Library Cache

• Establish formatting conventions for developers

so that SQL statements match in the cache.
• Use bind variables.
• Eliminate unnecessary duplicate SQL.
• Consider using CURSOR_SHARING.
• Use PL/SQL when possible.
• Cache sequence numbers.
• Pin objects in the library cache.

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 Memory Tuning Guidelines
for the Library Cache
Full Notes Page

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 Tuning I/O

• Look for hot spots on the disk.

• Ensure that you have right-sized redo log files.
• Consider moving redo logs to separate disks.
• Consider moving archive logs to separate disks.
• Look for a high I/O rate on the TEMP tablespace.
• Reduce contention for high I/O data files by
segregating them.
• Consider striping all data across all disks.
• Consider using Automatic Storage Management.

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 Tuning I/O
Full Notes Page

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 Tuning SQL

• Using the SQL Tuning Advisor

• Using indexes and clusters
• Using optimizer hints
• Using V$SQL_PLAN and EXPLAIN PLAN

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 Tuning SQL
Full Notes Page

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 Tuning Recommendations

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 Recommendation Plan

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 SQL Statistics

select count(*) from x select count(*) from x

where object_id < 340 where object_id < 220

Each statement causes a hard parse.

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 Identifying Duplicate SQL

Bind variable
candidates

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 Summary

In this lesson, you should have learned how to:

• Troubleshoot invalid and unusable objects
• Gather optimizer statistics
• View performance metrics
• Deal with performance issues
• Describe some basic tuning steps

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 Practice Overview:
Monitoring and Improving Performance

This practice covers the following topics:

• Detecting and repairing unusable indexes
• Using EXPLAIN PLAN
• Gathering statistics
• Using the Performance page in Enterprise
Manager

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 Full Notes Page

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