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at 16. My friends and I wanted to give our generation a voice in the issues of the day, especially the Vietnam war -Richard Branson
It is not employee satisfaction that matters...we need motivated employees. While satisfied employees will be happy to sit idle, it is motivated employees that can drive productivity, -Nandita Gurjar, senior vice-president and global human resources head at Infosys
professional and personal. Employees have personal agenda and professional agenda Everyone tries to influence the environment and is influenced by the environmet.
WORK MOTIVATION
Work motivation is a set of energetic forces both within [and] beyond an individuals being, to initiate work related behaviour, and to determine its form, direction, intensity, and duration. Work motivation refers to the force within a person that cause the person to behave in a specific, goal-directed manner.
Goal:
4. Employee performs
MOTIVES
PRIMARY MOTIVE
SECONDARY MOTIVE
LEARNT
SELF ACTUALIZATION
ESTEEM
AFFILIATION
SECURITY
PSYSIOLOGICAL
SOCIAL NEEDS: Formal and informal work groups or teams SECURITY NEEDS: seniority plans, union, health insurance, employee assistance plans, severance pay, pension BASIC NEEDS: Pay
Hygiene/Maintenance/Context Factors Salary, Supervision, Company Policies, interpersonal relations, Working Conditions, etc
Motivation, Content Factors: Meaningful and interesting work, Recognition of achievement, Responsibility, Advancement, etc, Necessary for motivation. Their absence causes demotivation
Satisfaction in these areas merely means absence of dissatisfaction, it does not motivate. Absence of dissatisfaction here is not enough for creating motivation: it just results in a neutral state
NEEDS Need for Achievement (nAch) Need for Power (nPow) Need for Affiliation (nAff)
nAch: need for sense of mastery over ones environment, accomplishment through ones own abilities and skills, preference for challenges but moderate risk, for clear feedback and feeling personally responsible for success.
nPow: need for autonomy and control over others.
nAff: need to establish and maintain relationships that give positive feelings, or friendship with others.
McClellands Classification
Motivators
Growth
nAch
nPow nAff
Safety
Existence
Physiological
and choices on the individual side and shaped by context factors Focuses on the how of motivation
INCLUDES:
always motivated do not exist. Individual differences and situational context influence the level of motivation. When presented with behavioural options in a situation, individuals select the option with greatest motivation forces (MF).
Expectancy
Indicates the probability that an individual assigns to
the belief that if he/she tried (E), that there would be success (P) necessary for meeting the final goal. This perception is base on:
Individuals past experience Self-efficacy Perceived control over performance Perceived difficulty of the goal
Valence
Refers to the value the individual personally places on
Motivational force
Rewards offered must be valued by employees, their existence and how to get them must be known
EQUITY THEORY
Is a combination of two areas of knowledge:
Psychology ( our attitudes and beliefs are consistent with each other) Social Sciences ( our tendency to assess our position relative to others)
People are concerned not only with the absolute amount of rewards they receive for their efforts, but also with what amount others receive in relation to others effort and that a sense of equity is important to them
Specificity Existence
Assignment
Types of goals Single or multiple goals Simple/easy or difficult/complex goals General or specific goals Goals exist or there are no goals Self assigned or imposed goals
and/or referent Increase output of self through more effort or citizenship behaviour Decrease the output of self through restricting work and deviant behaviour such as theft, tardiness. Cause a change in received outcomes such as seeking salary increases or seeking more enjoyable assignment. Withdraw from the situation entirely, quit the job.
A person who has found his/her goal will also find the knowledge and skills necessary to achieve it.