1

Design and drawing of RC

Structures
CV61
Dr. G.S.Suresh
Civil Engineering Department
The National Institute of Engineering
Mysore-570 008
Mob: 9342188467
Email: gss_nie@yahoo.com
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Portal frames
3
Learning out Come
Review of Design of Portal Frames
Design example Continued
4
INTRODUCTION
Step1: Design of slabs
Step2: Preliminary design of beams and
columns
Step3: Analysis
Step4: Design of beams
Step5: Design of Columns
Step6: Design of footings
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PROBLEM 2
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PROBLEM 2
A portal frame hinged at base has following data:
Spacing of portal frames = 4m
Height of columns = 4m
Distance between column centers = 10m
Live load on roof = 1.5 kN/m2
RCC slab continuous over portal frames. Safe bearing
capacity of soil=200 kN/m2
Adopt M-20 grade concrete and Fe-415 steel. Design the
slab, portal frame and foundations and sketch the details of
reinforcements.
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Data given:
Spacing of frames = 4m
Span of portal frame = 10m
Height of columns = 4m
Live load on roof = 1.5 kN/m
2
Concrete: M20 grade
Steel: Fe 415
8
9
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Step1:Design of slab
Assume over all depth of slab as 120mm and effective
depth as 100mm
Self weight of slab = 0.12 x 24 = 2.88 kN/m2
Weight of roof finish = 0.50 kN/m2 (assumed)
Ceiling finish = 0.25 kN/m2 (assumed)
Total dead load wd = 3.63 kN/m2
Live load wL = 1.50 kN/m2 (Given in
the data)
Maximum service load moment at interior support =
= 8.5 kN-m
9
L w
10
L w
2
L
2
d
+
11
Step1:Design of slab (Contd)
Mu
lim
=Q
lim
bd2 (Q
lim
=2.76)
= 2.76 x 1000 x 1002 / 1 x 106 = 27.6 kN-m > 12.75 kN-m



From table 2 of SP16 pt=0.384; Ast=(0.384 x 1000 x
100)/100= 384 mm2
Spacing of 10 mm dia bars = (78.54 x 1000)/384=
204.5 mm c/c
Provide #10 @ 200 c/c

275 . 1
100 x 1000
10 x 75 . 12
bd
M
2
6
2
u
= =
12
Step1:Design of slab (Contd)
Area of distribution steel Adist=0.12 x 1000
x 120 / 100 = 144 mm
2
Spacing of 8 mm dia bars = (50.26 x
1000)/144= 349 mm c/c
Provide #8 @ 340 c/c. Main and dist.
reinforcement in the slab is shown in Fig
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Step1:Design of slab (Contd)
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Step2: Preliminary design of beams and columns
Beam:
Effective span = 10m
Effective depth based on deflection criteria
= 10000/13 = 769.23mm
Assume over all depth as 750 mm with
effective depth = 700mm,
breadth b = 450mm and column section
equal to 450 mm x 600 mm.
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Step3: Analysis
Load on frame
i) Load from slab = (3.63+1.5) x 4
=20.52 kN/m
ii) Self weight of rib of beam = 0.45x0.63x24 =
6.80 kN/m
Total ~ 28.00 kN/m
Height of beam above hinge = 4+0.1-075/2 =3.72 m
The portal frame subjected to the udl considered
for analysis is shown in Fig. 6.10
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Step3: Analysis (Contd.)
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Step3:Analysis(Contd)

The moments in the portal frame hinged at
the base and loaded as shown in Fig. is
analised by moment distribution
IAB = 450 x 600
3
/12 = 81 x 10
8
mm4,
IBC= 450 x 750
3
/12 = 158.2 x 10
8
mm4
Stiffness Factor:
KBA= IAB / LAB = 21.77 x 10
5

KBC= IBC / LBC = 15.8 x 10
5
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Step3:Analysis(Contd)

Distribution Factors:



Fixed End Moments:
MFAB= MFBA= MFCD= MFDC 0
MFBC= -=-233 kN-m and MFCB= =233 kN-m


5 . 0
10 8 . 15 10 77 . 21
10 77 . 21
K
K
D D
5 5
5
BA
BA
BC BA
=
+

= =

19
Step3:Analysis(Contd) Moment Distribution Table



20
Step3:Analysis(Contd) Bending Moment diagram



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Step3:Analysis(Contd) Design moments:

Service load end moments: M
B
=156 kN-m,
Design end moments M
uB
=1.5 x 156
= 234 kN-m,
Service load mid span moment in beam=
28x10
2
/8 102 =194 kN-m
Design mid span moment Mu+=1.5 x 194 =
291 kN-m
Maximum Working shear force (at B or C) in
beam = 0.5 x 28 x 10 = 140kN
Design shear force Vu = 1.5 x 140 = 210 kN
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Step4:Design of beams:
The beam of an intermediate portal frame is
designed. The mid span section of this beam is
designed as a T-beam and the beam section at the
ends are designed as rectangular section.
Design of T-section for Mid Span :
Design moment Mu=291 kN-m
Flange width bf=
Here Lo=0.7 x L = 0.7 x 10 =7m
bf= 7/6+0.45+6x0.12=2.33m
f w
o
D 6 b
6
L
+ +
23


Step4:Design of T-beam:
b
f
/b
w
=5.2 and D
f
/d =0.17 Referring to table
58 of SP16, the moment resistance factor is
given by K
T
=0.43,
M
ulim
=K
T
bwd
2
fck
= 0.43 x 450 x 700
2
x 20/1x10
6

= 1896.3 kN-m > Mu Safe
The reinforcement is computed using table
2 of SP16
24


Step4:Design of T- beam:
Mu/bd
2
= 291 x 10
6
/(450x700
2
)~1.3 for this
p
t
=0.392
A
st
=0.392 x 450x700/100 = 1234.8 mm
2
No of 20 mm dia bar = 1234.8/(tx20
2
/4) =3.93
Hence 4 Nos. of #20 at bottom in the mid
span
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Step4:Design of Rectangular beam:
Design moment M
uB
=234 kN-m
M
uB
/bd
2
= 234x106/450x700
2
~1.1 From table
2 of SP16 p
t
=0.327
A
st
=0.327 x 450 x 700 / 100 = 1030
No of 20 mm dia bar = 1030/(tx20
2
/4) =3.2
Hence 4 Nos. of #20 at the top near the ends
for a distance of o.25 L = 2.5m from face of
the column as shown in Fig
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Step4:Design of beams Long. Section:
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Step4:Design of beams Cross-Section:
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Check for Shear:
Nominal shear stress =
pt=100x 1256/(450x700)=0.39~0.4
Permissible stress for pt=0.4 from table 19
tc=0.432 < tv Hence shear reinforcement is
required to be designed
Strength of concrete Vuc=0.432 x 450 x
700/1000 = 136 kN
Shear to be carried by steel Vus=210-136 =
74 kN
67 . 0
700 450
10 x 210
bd
V
3
u
v
=

= = t
29


Check for Shear:
Nominal shear stress =
p
t
=100x 942/(400x600)=0.39~0.4
Permissible stress for pt=0.4 from table 19
t
c
=0.432 < t
v
Hence shear reinforcement is required
to be designed
Strength of concrete V
uc
=0.432 x 400 x 600/1000 =
103 kN
Shear to be carried by steel V
us
=162-103 = 59 kN
30


Check for Shear:
Spacing 2 legged 8 mm dia stirrup

sv=

Two legged #8 stirrups are provided at 300
mm c/c (equal to maximum spacing)
53 . 341
10 74
700 50 2 415 87 . 0
V
d A f 87 . 0
3
us
sv y
=

=
31


Step5:Design of Columns:
Cross-section of column = 450 mm x 600
mm
Ultimate axial load Pu=1.5 x 140 = 210 kN
(Axial load = shear force in beam)
Ultimate moment Mu= 1.5 x 156 = 234 kN-m
( Maximum)
Assuming effective cover d = 50 mm; d/D
~0.1
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07 . 0
600 450 20
10 234
bD f
M
2
6
2
ck
u
=

=
04 . 0
600 450 20
10 210
bD f
P
3
ck
u
=

=
33


Step5:Design of Columns:
Referring to chart 32 of SP16, p/fck=0.04;
p=20 x 0.04 = 0.8 %
Equal to Minimum percentage stipulated by
IS456-2000 (0.8 % )
Ast=0.8x450x600/100 = 2160 mm2
No. of bars required = 2160/314 = 6.8
Provide 8 bars of #20
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Step5:Design of Columns:
8mm diameter tie shall have pitch least of
the following
Least lateral dimension = 450 mm
16 times diameter of main bar = 320 mm
48 times diameter of tie bar = 384
300mm
Provide 8 mm tie @ 300 mm c/c
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600
Tie #8 @300 c/c
8-#20
450
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Step6:Design of Hinges:
At the hinge portion, concrete is under
triaxial stress and can withstand higher
permissible stress.
Permissible compressive stress in concrete
at hinge= 2x0.4f
ck
=16 MPa
Factored thrust =P
u
=210kN
Cross sectional area of hinge required =
210x10
3
/16=13125 mm
2
Provide concrete area of 200 x100
(Area =20000mm
2
) for the hinge
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Step6:Design of Hinges:
Shear force at hinge = Total moment in
column/height = 156/3.72=42
Ultimate shear force = 1.5x42=63 kN
Inclination of bar with vertical = u
= tan
-1
(30/50) =31
o
Ultimate shear force = 0.87 f
y
A
st
sinu


Provide 4-#16 (Area=804 mm
2
)
2
o
3
st
mm 339
31 sin 415 87 . 0
10 63
A =

=
38


Step7:Design of Footings:
Load:
Axial Working load on column = 140 kN
Self weight of column
=0.45 x 0.6 x3.72x 24 = 24
Self weight of footing @10% = 16 kN
Total load = 180 kN
Working moment at base = 42 x 1 =42 kN-m
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Step6:Design of Footings:
Approximate area footing required
= Load on column/SBC
= 180/200 =0.9 m
2
However the area provided shall be
more than required to take care of
effect of moment. The footing size shall
be assumed to be 1mx2m (Area=2 m
2
)
40
2m X
1m
0.7m
0.6m
X
0.45m
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Step6:Design of Footings:
Maximum pressure qmax=P/A+M/Z =
180/2+6x42/1x22 = 153 kN/m
2
Minimum pressure qmin
=P/A-M/Z = 180/2-6x42/1x2
2
= 27 kN/m
2
Average pressure
q = (153+27)/2 = 90 kN/m
2
Bending moment at X-X = 90 x 1 x
0.72/2
= 22 kN-m
Factored moment Mu~33 kN-m
42


Step6:Design of Footings:
Over all depth shall be assumed as 300
mm and effective depth as 250 mm,



Corresponding percentage of steel
from Table 2 of SP16 is pt= 0.15% >
Minimum p
t
=0.12%
528 . 0
250 1000
10 33
bd
M
2
6
2
u
=

=
43


Step6:Design of Footings:
Area of steel per meter width of footing
is A
st
=0.12x1000x250/100=300 mm2
Spacing of 12 mm diameter bar =
113x1000/300 = 376 mm c/c
Provide #12 @ 300 c/c both ways
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Step6:Design of Footings:
Length of punching influence plane
= a
o
= 600+250 = 850 mm
Width of punching influence plane
= b
o
= 450+250 = 700 mm
Punching shear Force = V
punch
=180-90x(0.85x0.7)=126.5 kN
Punching shear stress t
punch
=V
punch
/(2x(a
o
+b
o
)d)
=126.5x103/(2x(850+700)250) = 0.16 MPa
Permissible shear stress
= 0.25\fck=1.18 MPa > t
punch
Safe
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Step6:Design of Footings:
Check for One Way Shear
Shear force at a distance d from face of
column
V= 90x1x0.45 = 40.5 kN
Shear stress t
v
=40.5x103/(1000x250)=0.162
MPa
For p
t
=0.15 , the permissible stress t
c
= 0.28
(From table 19 of IS456-2000)
Details of reinforcement provided in footing
is shown in Fig.
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Dr. G.S.Suresh
Civil Engineering Department
The National Institute of Engineering
Mysore-570 008
Mob: 9342188467
Email: gss_nie@yahoo.com