1. Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity. 2.

Acceleration, a = Final velocity Initial velocity Time Taken a=vu t where v = final velocity, u = initial velocity 3. The SI unit of acceleration is m/s. 4. Acceleration is a vector quantity. 5. Physically, when an object moves faster and faster it is moving with acceleration. 6. Object that moves slower and slower is moving with deceleration or negative acceleration.

0 m/s

2 m/s

4 m/s

6 m/s

An athlete runs with increasing velocity

7. Acceleration has direction. The direction of acceleration is the same as the varying direction of the velocity.
Try to think An object moves (a) Faster forward (b) Faster backwards (c) Slower backwards (d) Slower forward (e) With constant velocity forward or backwards. + + 0 Acceleration

Example 1: A runner runs from the starting line and achieves a velocity of 18 m/s in 3 seconds. Calculate his acceleration.
Acceleration, a = v u t = 18 0 3 = 6 m/s
REMEMBER THE UNIT

1. A ticker time is used to study the motion of an object for a short period of time.

2. When the terminals are connected to the a.c power supply, the vibrating steel strip (hitter) will vibrate 50 times every second and make 50 dots a second on a tape being pulled through it. 3. The time interval between two consecutive dots (time for one tick) is 1/50 s or 0.02 s.

4. The ticker timer can be used to determine the.. (a) time interval of the motion (b) displacement of the object (c) velocity of the object (d) acceleration of the object (e) type of motion of the object

Relationship of Displacement, Velocity and Acceleration with Time Equations of linear motion 1. From the definition of acceleration a=vu ..(1) t Where a=acceleration, u=initial velocity, v=final velocity, t=time 2. Rearranging equation (1), we get at = v u Hence v = u + at (2) 3. Displacement, s = average velocity x Time =u+v xt 2 substituting (2) s = u + (u + at) x t 2 Hence s = ut + at (3)

4. From (1) , t = v u a s=u+v xt 2 s=u+v x vu 2 a s = (v - u) 2a 2as = v - u v = u + 2as .(4)

Example:
A car moves in a straight line from its stationary state with a uniform acceleration. It achieves a velocity of 120 m/s after moving through a distance of 100 m. Calculate: (a) The acceleration of the car (b) The time taken (c) The velocity when t = 3s Solution: u = 0 m/s v = 12 m/s s = 100 m a=?

(a) v = u + 2as a = v - u 2s = 120 - 0 2(100) = 72 m/s

(b) a = v u t t=vu a = 120 0 72 = 1.67 s

(c) t = 3s u = 0 m/s a = 72 m/s v=? v = u + at = 0 + 72(3) = 216 m/s