Session 1

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Session Objectives
Discuss the following Drawbacks of traditional programming Need for Object Oriented approach Object Oriented techniques

Discuss Object Oriented Concepts Objects Classes Abstraction Inheritance Encapsulation Polymorphism
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Introduction

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Need for OOP

Languages like C use the traditional programming approach for application development. In this approach, we divide the application into several tasks and write code for all tasks. Therefore, the focus in this approach is on the tasks and not on the objects

The traditional programming approach was not able to handle the increasing demand of software applications.
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Need for OOP

The drawbacks of Traditional Programming approach are Unmanageable Programs Code Reusability not Optimum Problems in Modification of Data

Difficulty in Implementation

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Need for OOP

Benefits of Object Oriented Programming approach are OOP offers better implementation OOP offers better data security OOP offers better code reusability

OOP offers more flexibility

OOP offers better manageable programs
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OOP Concepts
An object represents an entity in the real world.
An object is simply something that is relevant to a particular application.

An object is a concept or a thing, with defined boundaries, that is relevant to the problem being dealt with.
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OOP Concepts
A class is a mould or a template of an object.
A class is what defines all the data members and the methods that an object should have.

The class defines the characteristics that the object will possess; it could also be referred to as a blueprint of the object.
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OOP Concepts
Each object is said to be an instance of the class.
A class can contain any of the following as its members Properties / Fields Methods Constructors & Destructors
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OOP Concepts
Properties A characteristic required of an object when represented in a class is called a property or a field. Method A method is similar to a function, routine or a procedure; here it is associated to a class. Constructor / Destructor These are special types of methods that execute when an object is initialized or destroyed respectively.
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OOP Concepts
Data abstraction enhances security as use of data is restricted to certain functions only. Abstraction is more used where you want only a certain number of functions/methods are accessing data.

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OOP Concepts
We can incorporate the functionality of existing classes into any other class just by inheriting the new class from the existing class. The existing class is called the BASE class and the newly created class is called the DERIVED class.
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OOP Concepts

Grouping of data and methods into a single entity is known as Data Encapsulation

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OOP Concepts
Object Oriented languages try to make existing code easily modifiable without changing the code much.
Polymorphism allows functions to take more than one form. Polymorphism enables the same method to behave differently on different classes.
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