BSPT III-1 Non-traumatic Motor Neuron Disease Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Spinal Muscular Atrophy Spondylotic Myelopathies Spondylosis Spondylolisthesis Spinal Stenosis Infectious & Inflammatory Diseases Multiple Sclerosis Neoplastic Diseases 1. Intradural Intramedullary Ependynoma 2. Intradural Extramedullary Meningioma 3. Extradural Neuroblastoma Congenital/Developmental Disorder Spina Bifida Disease Signs & Symptoms SPINAL CORD INJURY •Areflexia, Motor & Sensory Impairments, Spasticity, Bladder & Bowel Dysfunction, Sexual Dysfunction AMYOTROPHIC •Painless weakness in hand, foot, arm & leg LATERAL SCLEROSIS •Speech, swallowing, walking difficulty •Atrophy & Fasciculations •Depressed mm stretch reflexes •Muscle cramping SPINAL MUSCULAR •Muscle weakness, poor mm tone, weak cry, limpness or tendency to ATROPHY flop, difficulty sucking/swallowing SPONDYLOSIS •Back pain •Sphincter & Bowel Dysfunction SPONDYLO •Tingling & Numbness •Slipping sensation when moving LISTHESIS into an upright position (SPINA BIFIDA OCCULTA) •Dimple, depression, birthmark, SPINA BIFIDA hairy patch over the affected part (SPINA BIFIDA MANIFESTA) •Swelling over the affected spine/ exposed spinal nerves @ the back SPINAL STENOSIS •Numbness & Weakness •Cramping or pain in legs, feet or buttocks MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS •Weakness, paresthesia, gait difficulty, optic neuritis, diplopia, ataxia, disturbed nutrition, vertigo •Frequent headaches •Seizures EPENDYNOMA •Frequent nausea & vomitting •Loss of balance/trouble walking •Seizures •Headaches that worsen with time MENINGIOMA •Memory loss •Changes in vision, such as seeing double or blurriness •Hearing loss •Weakness in your arms/legs •Lump in the abdomen, neck or chest •Bulging eyes •Dark circles around the eyes (“black eyes”) NEUROBLASTOMA •Bone pain •Swollen stomach & trouble breathing in infants •Painless, bluish lumps under the skin in infants •Weakness or paralysis (loss of ability to move a body part) DISEASE CAUSE AFFECTATION
SPINAL CORD Sudden severe blow to
the spine. (Car accident, Spinal Cord INJURY fall, gunshot, or sporting accident. Sometimes the SC is damaged by infection/spinal stenosis
AMYOROPHIC Mutation of a specific Both upper and lower
gene, the SOD1 gene. motor neuron that causes LATERAL degeneration of SCLEROSIS throughout the brain & SC.
SPINAL Loss of the SMN1 Only a portion of one
gene from chromosome limb such as forearm & MUSCULAR 5 hand, shoulder or thigh ATROPHY SPONDYLOSIS Stress fracture of the (Spondylolisthesis) bone. I. Dysplastic- inf. L5 & SPONDYLO (Spondylosis) facet LISTHESIS degenerative changes in II. Isthmic- L5- S1 the IV disks & vertebral III. Degenerative- L4- bodies 5 followed by L3-4 (Spondyloisthesis) IV. Traumatic- facet Defect in the pars joints, lamina, pedicles articularis- “sliding off V. Pathogenic of vertebra”)
SPINAL due to the natural Legs
process of spinal STENOSIS degeneration that occurs with aging, caused by spinal disc herniation, osteoporosis or a tumor. MULTIPLE Immune system Nerve cells in the attacks the central brain and in the spinal SCLEROSIS nervous system leading cord to demyelination Malignant cells form 4th ventricle and in the tissues of the brain septum pellucidum in EPENDYNOMA and spinal cord the spinal cord
meningiomas are Arachnoidal cells
inactivation mutations in MENINGIOMA the neurofibromatosis 2 gene ; radiation
NEURO Malignant cells form Abdomen, chest,
in the nerve tissue of the spinal cord, neck, head, BLASTOMA adrenal gland, neck, Hip and legs chest or spinal cord Occurs when the Neural tube tissue surrounding the SPINA BIFIDA developing spinal cord of a fetus doesn’t close properly