Microprocessor

The Historical Background

Prepared By

Vishal Mishra

OUTLINE
Historical Background

Evolution Tree of Microprocessor Key Features of Microprocessor and Microcontroller Typical Application Course Outline

Moores Law Evolution of IC Technology

Historical Background
1947 : Invention of Transistor.

1959 : Invention of Integrated circuit.

William Shockley

1965 : Birth of Moores Law

Cramming more components into IC Electronics, April 19,1965

Planar Technology

by 1975 the number of component per IC for minimum cost will be 65000 1965 :Component density would double every year

1975 :Component density would double every 18 month

 1971 : Development of Microprocessor

4004 Microprocessor CPU on Chip
ALU Register Timing and Control Unit I N T E R F A C E

1976 : Introduction of Microcontroller

8048 Microcontroller Computer on Chip

CPU RAM ROM

I/O Ports Timer /Counter Serial I/O

Evolution of IC Technology
YEAR 1947 1950-1960 1961-1965 1966-1970 1971-1979 1980-1984 1985---TECHNOLOGY Revolution of Transistor Discrete Components SSI MSI LSI VLSI ULSI NO. OF DEVICES 1 1 10-100 100-1000 1000-20,000 20,000-50,000 750,000 TYPICAL PRODUCTS ------Junction Diodes and Transistor Planar devices, Logic Gates .FFs Counters, MUXs, Decoders, Adders, 8-bit P, RAM, ROM DSPs, RISC, 1632-bit p 64-bit P

Evolution Tree

MAIN BRANCH
RISC

----------General Purpose

Itenium--------64 bit

8096 8051 1976 8048

C .

DSP 2920-------Intel

Pentium 890486 80386-----32 bit 80286

TMS320c5x ----Texas Comm. Processor

EMBEDDED SYSTEM
Pipeline Technique Super Scalar Cache Memory

SPECIAL
PURPOSE

8088 8086-------16 bit 8085-------1976 8080 8008 4004 ----- 1ST---INTEL---19714 bit

Typical Features
Smaller Size

Lower Cost

Small Portable Equipment-----Micro

Higher Reliability

Graph

Lower Power Consumption

Reliability and number of component in chip are independent CMOS Technology Programmability Feature No of Xtor increase

Higher Versatility

More Powerful

Cost Reduction

Typical Applications
General Purpose Branch

Desktop Computer, PCs ,Laptops ,Servers

Microcontroller

32-bit 64-bit

Embedded System---Combination of Hardware and Software design for some specific application. Consumer Electronics Toys, Camera, Robots, Washing Machine, Intelligent Instrument Oscilloscope etc..

Special Purpose

Switches and Routers

Course Outline
Architecture and Organization of Microprocessor Instruction Set Architecture Assembly Language Programming Interfacing of Memory Data Transfer Technique I/O Ports Interfacing of I/O devices