Basic of Machine

Motorcycle Engineering (021) Comprehends Engine Basic (DKK 1)

Target of Lesson
Student can explain statics science basis and strain
Student can explain component / machine element Student can explain material and process performance

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Statics Science Basis and Strain

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Definition
Statics science studies about strength of material based on strain combination trap and strain either two dimensions and also three dimensions In material doesn't get out of strain and strain, because of two the things can be searched strength from material, like strength draws, bending and torsion

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Tensile Stress & Pressure

Strength draws not to get out of strain and strain. Both this properties measured when doing test to draw or compress
In drawing, strain is long increase from material, while in depressing is pemendekkan from material depressed

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Tensile Stress & Pressure

Tensile

Strain

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Tensile Stress & Pressure

Result from strain and strain if it is alloted will yield a Young's modulus ( E). this Mudulus Young applied at elastic district from material property.

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Tensile Stress & Pressure

Tensile profile and strain

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Rasio Poison

Effect of attractive force happened is decrement of diameter as the diagram is drawn

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Shearing tensile
Displacement happened as result of existence of force shifting substance so that happened strain and shear strain. countable Strain and shear strain by using equation of continuity hereunder:

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Bending Tensile
Construction from material doesn't get out of depressing payload or force not at vocal point so that happened bending. Effect of this force happened strain bending which is countable as in under this:

M = Moment bending I = Second moment from area Y = Vocal point distance from point of payload
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Maximum Tensile

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Torsion
Joint applied as rotary linkage there will be torque that is also is called as Torsi.
For this joint something applies solid joint and holey joint, both having each excess and weakness

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Solid Joint
At solid joint calculation energy power capacities received is countable as follows: Shearing strain maximum

With D = diameter, T = Torsion Torsion capacities

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Solid Joint
Power capacities

with N = number of revolutions per second Angle of revolution

With G = shear modulus, Levator skapula = long

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Holey Joint
Solid joint has weakness of its(the smaller diffract payload. To overcome it is usable is holey joint. This holey joint can use slimmer material, but weakness from this joint is stiffer from solid joint, so that easier broken.

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Holey Joint
Calculation to know usable rating of equation of continuity hereunder:

With, D = outer diameter, d = inner diameter

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Machine Element

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Brake
Brake is mechanism functioning to slow down or stops carriage speed.

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Gear
Gear is machine element is in the form of functioning tooth as tramsmission angular motion and power from machine component one to other.
The efficiency closing 98% so that gear many used to make actuator motor transmission to axis impulse.

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Gear Clasification
Spur Gear

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Gear Clasification
Helical Gear

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Gear Clasification
Double Helical Gear

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Gear Clasification
Bevel Gear

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Gear Clasification
Worm Gear

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Bearing

Bearing is apparatus to hold between rotary substances with non movable substance ( frame) that friction happened softer without releasing noise.

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Bearing
Ball Bearing

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Bearing
Roll Bearing

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Bearing
Pin Bearing

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Bearing
Roller Taper Bearing

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Spring
Spiral spring is functioning machine element to control impulse by the way of arrest detaining, damps jitter, refines hammering and other impulse controller model.
Simply can be told that spiral spring is reservoir media of dissociation energy of diatomic for impulse controller
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Spring
Helical Pressure Spring

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Spring
Helical Torsion Spring

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Spring
Helical Conical Spring

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Spring
Leaf Spring

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Axle
Functioning axle as linkage joint between machine components at the same time gives dissociation energy of diatomic owned.

Axle with breach-block pin to kill relative impulse of other component with axle
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Axle

Axle with splin to kill relative impulse of other component with axle
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Axle

Shaft coupling to connect axle one otherly with the relation of stiff
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Transmission
Transmission is important machine component to connect between actuator engines with impulse. Function of erection of transmission is to continue revolution and engine power. Beside the function, transmission as revolution controller so that kendaran motorizes can be implemented easily at various speed.
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Transmission
Basic Construction

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Transmission
Drive gear type

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Transmission
Chain Drive

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Transmission
Belt Drive Type

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Material and Process Performance

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Definition
Marginally material or material is differentiated to to become two, that is metallic material ( metal) and non metal. Metallic material is differentiated again becomes iron metal (ferro) and non iron (non ferro). Including metal ferro is pig iron, carbon steel, alloy steel, and steel stainless.
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Iron Casting
Iron Casting is alloy from iron and carbon

so that liquid temperature at the range of 1200O C.

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Iron Casting
Grey Iron
Named grey iron because its(the grey colour. This iron has content 1,5-4,3% carbon and 0,3-5% silicon is added [by] manganese, sulfur ( sulphur) and phosphorus.

This fragible material with strength draws is low but easy to be cast. This thing is caused height of grade carbon at gray cast iron, but high carbon grade formed chipping which can arrest detain jitter damping carefully.
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Iron Casting
Alloy Iron Alloy iron is iron mixed with by nickel alloys, chromium, molydenum, vanadium, coopper and zirconium. This alloy its(the usage to get strong iron, firm, resistant of abrasion, heatresistant, rustproof, solvent of engine and can be tied on other material.
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Carbon Steel
Carbon steel often applied in construction good to building and or machinery devices.

This steel alloy from iron and carbon with a few element like manganese, silicon, sulphur, phosphorus, nipple and chromium.

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Carbon Steel
Carbon steel has unique property and divided three classifications that is
Low carbon steel (0,05-0,3%C) with ductility (ductility) high and easy to be formed Medium carbon steel (0,3-0,6%C) with heat treatment has strength and better hardness but susceptible to ductility High carbon steel (> 0,6%) by force and high strength, applied for device, mold, spiral spring and others.
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Alloy Steel
Differs from carbon steel, this steel has proportion of high alloy to the alloying element. Material which often applied in alloy steel is:
Aluminium This material makes holding up oxidation causing resistant from rust attack but lessening strength from material. Usage percentage 0-2%.
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Alloy Steel
Chrom
At usage 0,3-4%, improve repairs abrasion endurance, oxidation, scale resistance, strength and hardness. improvement of Strength at high temperature but losing of ductility

Cobalt
This material improve;repairs hardness and scale resistance also improve repairs cut to become militant device with 8 - 10%. With chromium, cobalt gives high alloy steel at high temperature.
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Alloy Steel
Copper At typical of range 0,2-0,5% gives corrosion proof and strength of yield at alloy steel.
Lead Above 0,25% applied to increase solvent of engine at carbon steel. Mangan At range 0,3-2% lessens brittleness sulphur. Percentage 1-2% improve repairs strength and bend and finite magnetic xenon property of 5%.
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Alloy Steel
Molydenum At usage of 0,3-5% increases strength of high temperature, crack resistance, and hardness. Nikel At range 0,3-5% increases strength, bend and hardness without ductility aspect. At high proportion improve repairs corrosion proof.
Silicon With usage of range 0,2-3% improve repairs strength and hardness but lessening ductility. Material silicon which is easy is oxidized (rusty).
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Alloy Steel
Sulphur Above 0,5% increases solvent of engine but lessening ductility and solvent of weld. Titanium At proportion 0,3-0,75% increases strength and hardness at steel maraging. Tungsten This material gives high hardness and bend at high temperature. Vanadium This material improve;repairs hardness property and if combined with wearable carbon of abrasion.
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Stainless Steel
Stainless Steel is carbon steel with chromium mixture 10% causing resistant to rust. For metal non ferro for example aluminum, copper, spelter, lead, titanium, silver, tin, and others. Something in the form of regulus and something mixture or alloy. Example of metal non ferro alloy is touch pitch copper ( cooper alloy with tin) and brass ( cooper alloy with spelter). Therefore usage of the metal also is adapted for propertys owned by metal type.
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Non Metal Material

Plastics

Plastics is material based on polymers. Plastics there are two kinds, that is polymers thermoplastics which if heated will melt and can be reprinted, while termoset polymers is plastics which if heated will become ash.
Composite Composite is material made from resin and matrik, resin as binder usually plastics, and matrik is brace which is in the form of fiber arranged.

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Non Metal Material

Ceramic
Ceramics is material which the making using powder technology. This thing is done by absolut zero from very high ceramics ( for 2000OC) so that to unite heated to be finite of ambient temperature 1200 until skin from prilled of powder melts and linked up with to be other prilled.

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