Psychosocial foundations of behavior and psychopathology

FAMILY INFLUENCES

 Family influences: 1. Early deprivation and trauma 2. neglect and abuse 3. attachment 4. separation 5. inadequate parenting styles 6. marital discord and divorce 7. maladaptive peer relationships 8. communication style 9. family burden 10. expressed emotions and relapse.

Paper I unit V

I. Parental deprivation:

Institutionalization: low warmth, low intellectual/emotional/social stimulation lack of encouragement=greater risk of psychopathology Role of protective factors

unstable self and other schemas

II. Neglect and abuse: Environmental deprivation and abuse (low income families) results in delays in development, failure to thrive, behavior problems, linguistic development, depression, anxiety over aggressiveness

III. Attachment Characteristics of Attachment Bowlby believed that there are four distinguishing characteristics of attachment: Proximity Maintenance - The desire to be near the people we are attached to. Safe Haven - Returning to the attachment figure for comfort and safety in the face of a fear or threat. Secure Base - The attachment figure acts as a base of security from which the child can explore the surrounding environment.

Separation Distress - Anxiety that occurs in the absence of the attachment figure.

Infant attachment styles: secure, insecure-ambivalent, insecureavoidant and disorganized/disoriented.

Adult attachment styles: secure, anxious-preoccupied, dismissive-avoidant and fearfulavoidant

Prolonged separation leads to insecure

attachment

Despair and detachment Vulnerability to stressors in adulthood

Separation

Parental psychopathology
Parenting style: warmth and control
Authoritative Authoritarian Permissive-indulgent Neglectful-uninvolved

Inadequate, irrational and angry communication

Inadequate parenting styles

Marital discord: risk and protective factors

Divorce:
Effect on parents Effects on children Single parenting Presence of step parents

Marital discord andDivorce

Rejection and Isolation Bullying Teasing

Conduct disorder Depression

Maladaptive peer relationships

George Bateson(1959)-Double-bind communications, Scapegoating,

Singer and Wynne (1963)-Amorphous and fragmented styles of thinking and communication Lidz: family collusion, Marital skew and schisms

communication style

Stress
Stigma Paradox of treatment

Family burden

Vaughan and Leff

Over involvement Over criticality Hostility

Expressed emotions

THANK
For

the patient listening

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