Presented by :Dr. Ahmed Salih B.D.

Contents
Definition of denture base
Requirements Functions Types

a,Plastic b,Metal

Definition
Is that part of the removable partial denture which rests on oral mucosa and to which teeth are attached.

REQUISITES FOR IDEAL DENTURE BASE

Accuracy of Adaptation To Tissues With Low Volume Change

Dense non irritating surface capable of receiving &

maintaining a good finish.

Biologically Compatible with tissues Thermal conductivity

Low specific gravity Lightness in mouth

Esthetics

 Dimensional stability Sufficient strength Resistance to fracture /distortion Resist deformation Self cleansing

Low Cost

Potential for future relining

Functions
Esthetics Support and retain artificial teeth Assist in transfer of occlusal forces directly to

abutment teeth by rests. Prevent vertical and horizontal migration of remaining natural teeth. Eliminate undesirable food traps. Stimulates the underlying tissue.

Types

Plastic Acrylic - hot cure - cold cure - light cure - pour and cure
Polystyrene Valplast Metal Gold Co-Cr Titanium Vitallium

Metal Denture base

Metal Base-Indications
Tooth supported partial dentures Inadequate interarch space

Structural details
Designed with optimum extension Thinner base than plastic resin Avoid sharp margins

Metal Base - Advantages

Accuracy & performance of form

Comparative tissue response Thermal conductivity

Weight & Bulk

Comparitive tissue response Inherent cleanliness of cast metal base contributes to

health of oral tissue. Bacteriostatic activity ionization and oxidization of metal base. Metal base naturally cleaner than an acrylic resin base.

Thermal conductivity-

Temperature changes transmitted though

metal to the underlying help to maintain health of that tissue. Patients acceptance. Denture resins insulating property

Weight and bulk Metal alloy may be cast thinner than acrylic resin and

still have adequate strength. Certain situations demands use of acrylic denture base-

Metal Base-Disadvantages Esthetics

Enhancement of retention not possible lack of weight

of metal base

Relining difficult

Restoration of normal facial contour can not be achieved

Acrylic denture base

Acrylic denture base- Indications

Extension base partial denture Long span edentulous ridges Relining Contour restoration

Porosity
Two types of porosity are recognized :- Contraction porosity - Gaseous porosity Contraction porosity :- occurs because the monomer contracts by some 20% of its volume during processing .

-gaseous porosity :- occurs due to the exothermic reaction of polymerization which could make the temperature of the resin to rise above 100c which is the boiling temp. , if this temp. is exceeded before the polymerization process is completed , gaseous monomer will be formed which is the cause of gaseous porosity. It can be avoided by alllowing the temp. to be raised in a slow and controlled fashion. -polymerization should be carried out slowly to prevent gaseous porosity and under pressure to prevent contraction porosity.

Mechanical properties :The tensile strength of acrylic resin is typically no more than 50 mpa , the elastic modulus is low , the flexure modulus being in the region of 2200 2500 mpa . When this is combined with lack of fracture toughness , it perhaps not surprising that dentures are prone to fracture . An alternative approach for strengthening of acrylic dentures is incorporation of fibers so as to produce a fiber reinforced composite and these include :- carbon fibers , aramid , uhmpe ( ultra high molecular weight polyethelene ) and the glass fibers.

Physical properties
Thermal conductivity :- acrylic has low coefficient of thermal conductivity ,
from a patient point of view , it will isolate the oral soft tissues from any sensation of temperature.

Coefficient of thermal expansion :-

its quite high about 80 ppm / c , in general it does not present any problem except that there is possibility that porcelain teeth set in denture base resin may gradually loosen and lost due to different expansion and contraction.

Water sorption and solubility :- resin molecule absorbs water due to its
polar nature , in practice this helps to compensate for the slight processing shrinkage .

Biocompatibility :- acrylic is highly biocompatible and patients suffer few

problems , nevertheless some patients will show an allergic reaction and this is most probably associated with the various leachable components in the denture such as any residual monomer or benzoic acid .

Valplast
1950,s
Valplast flexible base resin ideal for partial

dentures. Esthetic yet fully functional alternative to traditional cast metal based removable partial dentures.

 Biocompatible nylon and thermoplastic resin-flexibility and

stability.
Color, shape and design of valplast partials blend seamlessly

with natural appearance of gingiva making prostheses nearly invisible.

Strenght of valplast resin doesnt require a metal framework-

eliminates metallic taste.

Enables partial to be fabricated thin enough with non

metallic clasps.

 Adequate occlusal clearance b/w arches for tooth

placement.
No tooth preparation required. Vitallium combination-better support and clasp

esthetics

Need for relining

Distal extension base differs from toothsupported

base-made of material-relined. Acrylic resin denture base materials that can be relined are generally used.

 Loss of support - distal extension bases- changes in

residual ridge-loss of occlusion-heavy occlusal contact b/w remaining natural teeth. Relining necessary. Rotation of fulcrum line with indirect retainers lifting from their seats as distal extension base is pressed against ridge tissue-relining

 Loss of occlusal contact and rotation-relining.

Loss of occlusal contact with no evidence of rotation -

restablish occlusion.
Loss of support assessed clinically-hydrocolloid,

wax,tissue conditioning material.

References
Carr A B, Mc Givney G P, Brown D T, Major connector in McCrakens Removable partial Prothodontics. 11th ed, st louis: Mosby; 2008 Stewart K L, Rudd K D, Kuebker W A, Major connector in Stewarts Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics. 2nd, Chennai; 2004 Miller E L, Grasso J E, Major connector in Removable Partial Prosthodontics. 2nd ed, Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1979
Development of in vivo measuring system of the pressure

distribution under the denture base of removable partial denture. J Prosthodont Res. 2009 Jan;53(1):15-21

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