Ceramic Polymer Interface Development

Objective of Research
Research Methodology Material Description and Technique used Course Work Details

Work of Adhesion
Definition: The work of adhesion is the separation to create two new surfaces from one interface or The free energy change, or reversible work done, to separate unit areas of two media 1 and 2 from contact to infinite in vacuum. Jacob.N. Israelachvili
1

1
1
= 11 2

1 2

12

1 2

12 = 1 + 2 12

121

1
= 212 2

3
1

132

132 = 12 + 33 13 23 Where 1 , 2 Surface energy per unit area of surface 1 and 2 Date: 15/02/2013 1/3

Mallikarjunachari.G

Ceramic Polymer Interface Development

Objective of Research
Research Methodology Material Description and Technique used Course Work Details

Adsorption Effect
12 = 1 + 2 12 12 = 1v + 2v 12

1 differs from 1v by the spreading pressure which represents the lowering of the surface energy of material in vacuum by adsorption of the vapour 1= 1 - 1v

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Ceramic Polymer Interface Development

Objective of Research
Research Methodology Material Description and Technique used Course Work Details

Surface tensions of various solvents Neumann Van Oss Chaudhury -Good

+

OWRK

(mJ/m2) Diiodomethane Ethylene Glycol Formamide Water 50.8 48.0 58.0 72.8 50.8 29.0 39.0 21.8 0.0 1.9 2.3 25.5 0.0 47.0 39.6 25.5 50.8 29.0 39.0 21.8 0.0 19.0 19.0 51.0

Ref: Thesis

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Date: 15/02/2013

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Ceramic Polymer Interface Development

Objective of Research
Research Methodology Material Description and Technique used Course Work Details

Fowkes Theory:
Assumptions: Additivity
= + + + + +. . . d = dispersion force p = polar force h = hydrogen bonding force i = induction force(Debye) ab= acid/base force

Geometric Mean
12 = 2 1 2 12 = 2 1 2 1 2

Dispersion

Polar

The work of adhesion

12 = 1 1 + = 12 + 12 +. . .

G = WA x The work of adhesion & practical adhesion

G = Fracture Energy WA = Work of adhesion = temperature and rate dependent viscoelastic term

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Ceramic Polymer Interface Development

Objective of Research
Research Methodology Material Description and Technique used Course Work Details

Method of OW (Owens-Wendt)

Method of vOCG (van Oss-Chaudhury-Good)

Liquid Contact Angles required

Solid surface free energy

Solid surface free energy

2
Dispersion (London dispersion Van der Waals)
0.5

3
Van der Waals
Dipole dipole, dipole induced dipole and London

Polar (Polar + hydrogen + Inductive + Acid Base)

0.5

Acid Base

+ +

= 0.5 (1 + cos = 0.5 (1 + cos

0.5 0.5

+ + + + + +

0.5 0.5

+ + + + + +

0.5 0.5 0.5

= 0.5 1 + = 0.5 1 + = 0.5 1 +

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

=
Where = surface free energy of solid = Dispersion component = Polar component Mallikarjunachari.G

+ = 2

0.5

= +
+ , =Acid , Base interactions

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Ceramic Polymer Interface Development

Objective of Research
Research Methodology Material Description and Technique used Course Work Details

Mallikarjunachari.G

Date: 15/02/2013

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Ceramic Polymer Interface Development

Objective of Research
Research Methodology Material Description and Technique used Course Work Details

Hysteresis 1. Mechanical Hysteresis surface roughness

2. Chemical Hysteresis Parameters affect the contact angle 1. Temperature

2. Material Transitions Eg: glass and crystalline transitions, contaminants and adsorbed materials polar and apolar interactions, drop dimension, surface crystallinity, molecular weight and conformation of chains.

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Date: 15/02/2013

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Ceramic Polymer Interface Development

Objective of Research
Research Methodology Material Description and Technique used Course Work Details

Contact Angle Measurements (degrees) Substrate Glass Diiodomethane 34.7(2.2) Distilled Water 49.5(3.1) Glycerol 48.5(3.5)

Epoxy

26.6(1.8)

70.6(3.9)

62.5(2.6)

Surface Energies of Glass and Epoxy (mJ/m2 ) Substrate +

Glass
Epoxy Silica Epoxy

42.2
45.6 78.0 41.2

0.43
0.02 -

27.4
10.39 -

6.9
0.9 209.0 5.0

49.1
46.5 287.0 46.2

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Ceramic Polymer Interface Development

Objective of Research
Research Methodology Material Description and Technique used Course Work Details

Surface Force Apparatus

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Ceramic Polymer Interface Development

Objective of Research
Research Methodology Material Description and Technique used Course Work Details

Sources of Thermodynamic Contact Angle Hysteresis General Assumption

Surface I smooth

Specific Assumption
Surface must be smooth at the 0.1 to 0.5 m level Surface must be homogeneous at the 0.1 m level and above

Effect on Hysteresis
increase with increasing roughness (adv. increases and rec decreases with increasing roughness) adv. dependent on low energy phase: rec dependent on high energy phase

Time Dependent
No

Surface is homogeneous

No

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Date: 15/02/2013

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Ceramic Polymer Interface Development

Objective of Research
Research Methodology Material Description and Technique used Course Work Details

Sources of Kinetic Contact Angle Hysteresis General Assumption

Surface is nondeformable Wetting liquid does not penetrate surface Surface does not reorient Surface immobile, therefore, surface entropy is constant

Specific Assumption
Modulus of elasticity in surface > 3x105 dyne/cm Liquid molecular volume > 60-70 ccmole Reorientation time at time of measurement Configurational entropy independent of local environment

Effect on Hysteresis
Not known

Time Dependent
Yes due to surface deformation/relaxation effects Yes due manly to diffusion

Increased liquid penetration lends to increased hysteresis

Increased tendency to orient lends to increased hysteresis Unknown but probably increase in hysteresis as surface mobility increases

Yes

Yes

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Date: 15/02/2013

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Ceramic Polymer Interface Development

Objective of Research
Research Methodology Material Description and Technique used Course Work Details

Acid -Base Interactions

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