EMSC 5103 : Sustainable Construction Water and wastewater management

Water and wastewater/sewage management

Objecti ve

Sustainable water management is to ensure efficient usage of water and minimize pollution

Treat Water after going through treatment enters a building as purified ed water but leaves as sewage. water Treatment of raw water into purified water requires energy and money. Efficient usage ensure less energy wastage hence less energy demand thus less GHG emission. The transmission of treated water to consumer site requires infrastructure, storage and energy (i.e pump) to deliver. After usage, the treated water becomes wastewater which will affect our environment ecology, wastewater treatment and indirectly energy consumption. Hence, efficient usage of water and proper purification of sewage can save energy and reduce GHG emission. Putting water and wastewater treatment consideration in design stage will provide opportunity to conserve water usage.

EMSC 5103 : Sustainable Construction

Water treatment processes :

EMSC 5103 : Sustainable Construction Water and wastewater management

Water treatment process:
Objective To provide potable, safe and ample treated water for

consumption: residential, commercial, institutional and industry. Must fulfill drinking water standard.

Raw water Source of raw water: river, lake. Provide coarse and fine intake screen at intake point
Pretreatment Settling tank at water treatment plant; functions as settling tank and also storage facility.
Coagulation and Adding chemical e.g. aluminum sulfate to coagulate suspended solids; flocculation forming of flocs, Sedimentation Provide settling tank for flocs to settle via rectangular or circular tank or inclined plate settlers Filtration Using sand filter to remove fine flocs Disinfection Using chlorine to disinfect excessive will produce by products such as chloroform pH adjustment & pH adjustment to increase pH to neutral point and add fluoride . fluoride addition

EMSC 5103 : Sustainable Construction

Water treatment processes:

EMSC 5103 : Sustainable Construction

Sewage treatment processes:

EMSC 5103 : Sustainable Construction Water and wastewater management

Wastewater/sewage treatment process:

and institutional sewage to a level that is safe to discharge into a river/sea. Must fulfill effluent standard.

Objective To remove pollutants from domestic and commercial

Source of Residential, hotels, commercial centers, sewage

Preliminary Screening, grit removal, grease removal treatment Primary treatment Allows settleable solid to settle via primary settling tank either circular or rctangular Secondary treatment Allow the microorganism to digest the organic waste. Provide aeration system for microbes to digest the waste Provide secondary settling tank to settle out the microbes Advance treatment Removal of nutrients: nitrate and phosphate from treated effluent and disinfection before disposal Sludge treatment and Settled solids from primary and secondary settling tanks require further disposal treatment. It consists of concentration, dewatering, drying. Potential to generate biogas from concentrated sludge and biomass from dried sludge.

EMSC 5103 : Sustainable Construction

EMSC 5103 : Sustainable Construction Water and wastewater management

Main considerations during design stage
Conserva tion Use water more efficient to reduce wastage

Delight Use water to create a dynamic energy and around buildings supporting biodiversity Pollution Minimize organic waste to landfill by reducing the sludge from sewage treatment process. Rainwater Minimize the impact of the built environment on the flow if of rainwater drainage back into the natural environment
Environmental Consider benefit of water savings measure or sewage treatment options that impacts minimize environmental impact Education Enviornmental benefits from educating public Closing the Consider using the waste from one rpocess as inout for another circle Economics Sustainable economic look into the life cycle cost of desing measure which

sometime able to present cheaper cost.

EMSC 5103 : Sustainable Construction Water and wastewater management

Conservation Via efficient water system such as half/full flush toilet, Reuse of grey water or collection of rain on-site for non-potable uses such as gardening and toilet flushing can also saved metered water. Over abstraction of ground water will depletes groundwater supplies and reduces surface water flows Water conservation associated with energy savings. Financial savings are generally modest except for industrial processes or major leakage Examples : 4-litres WCs, vacuum and dry toilets (flights), low flow shower heads or

EMSC 5103 : Sustainable Construction Water and wastewater management

Delight Water features are increasingly seen as an intrinsic part of the approach to the built environment It facilitates play and enhance biodiversity .

EMSC 5103 : Sustainable Construction Water and wastewater management

Pollution While many pollutants such as lead, nitrates, aluminum originates from industrial discharges and agricultural practice, there is also a great deal where the building designer and user can have a positive influence including reducing pollution from rainwater runoff, leachate from buildings and landscape elements, landfill and water borne waste. Rainwater drainage

Stormwater runoff presents high peak flow problem due to more impervious surfaces at roof, walkway, parking etc.
Sustainable drainage system SuDS, aims at control flooding; prevent pollution, recharge groundwater and reduce load to sewage

EMSC 5103 : Sustainable Construction Water and wastewater management

Environmental impacts There should be an assessment of the relative environmental impact that are being traded (i.e available in the market) . For example: effluent quality Vs, energy input or treatment size; water saving from domestic greywater system vs. energy and chemical use. Sustainable sewage treatment requires attention to the capacity of the receiving environment. Education Water management requires better understanding of the closed circle inherent in natural systems. Good design and management education should concentrate on developing an appreciation and

EMSC 5103 : Sustainable Construction Water and wastewater management

Wetland as sewage treatment option

EMSC 5103 : Sustainable Construction Water and wastewater management

Water saving features

Construction players can think about the feasibility of utilizing renewable energy source for new project.