Poultry Farming

Different Schemes Which Are Undertaken By The Government So That A Single Person Can Become Businessman.

Introduction:

Poultry farming has occupied an important place in the Indian economy. Poultry industry is producing a large quantity of eggs and nutritious meat for the second largest demography in the world. India produces 40,000 million eggs and 1200 million broilers annually. There are about 123,000 poultry farmers in India. India has emerged as the fourth largest producer of eggs and ninth largest producer of poultry meat in the world.

Advantages:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Requires minimum investment to start with. Rapid profit. Requires small space. Usefulness of poultry feathers. Chicken shit is good fertilizers. Chicken death causes low production. Chicken food is costly. Need to feed chicken at least twice a day. Need to keep poultry farm clean regularly.

Disadvantages:
1. 2. 3. 4.

Loans by the Government:

Start-up costs for the farm. Construction expenses. Animal feeds. Operational expenses that need to be paid urgently. In house disease diagnostic lab- 10 Lacs. Fund for purchase of hatching eggs, parent stock, feed ingredients, transportation, medicine, vaccine- 15 Lacs. Marketing- 5 Lacs. Consultancy- Rs. 50,000

Government Assistance:
Eligibility: Small & marginal farmers, educated & unemployed youth, women, socially & economically backward section of the society. 1. State Poultry Farms-100% financial assistance would be provided. 2. Rural Back yard Poultry Development Subsidy of Rs. 0.20 lac per unit routed through the State Department of Animal Husbandry to the financing bank. 3. Poultry Estates- Grant for infrastructure development will be provided to States in the ratio of 75:25.

Management:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6.
7.

8.

Thoroughly clean and disinfect the poultry house. Put about 8 cm layer of clean, fresh, dry litter material Keep the house well-ventilated, avoiding draughts. Bring the chicks in the poultry house. Make sure they are vaccinated. Provide fresh water. Observe the chicks frequently during day and night to take care of the temperature. Feed them regularly.

Feeding:
To minimize feed wastages: 1. Always provide good quality, well balanced feed. 2. Store the feed properly. 3. Feeders should be filled only up to to 2/3 level. 4. Use green fodder like Lucerne, green leaves of vegetables, grass etc which are good sources of protein, vitamins, minerals and yolk coloring pigments. 5. Prevent the entry of wild birds in the poultry shed and feed store. 6. Use properly designed equipment.

Litter management:
Litter management is very important because bad litter is an invitation to diseases. Litter material to be used should be clean, fresh and free from mould growth. Litter Management becomes difficult during monsoon season.

Diseases and their control:

Poultry diseases cause heavy economic losses due to mortality morbidity and low production. Disease may occur due to nutrient deficiency, ingestion of toxic substances, injury or physical stress or as a consequence of harmful action of microbial and parasitic agents. Preventive measures: 1. Control traffic of birds, equipment, attendants etc., between units. Visitors should not be allowed. 2. Maintain cleanliness in the shed and surroundings and provide good ventilation in the shed. 3. Purchase only healthy chicks from a reputed hatchery where chicks are produced hygienically.

4. 5. 6. 7.

Observe proper litter management. Provide fresh, properly balanced feed and clean water. Strictly follow the recommended vaccination programme. Carry out post-mortem examination of dead bird identify the cause of death and take all precautionary measures to prevent any spread of disease. Dispose off the dead birds, properly either by burning or by burial.

8.

Vaccination:
AGE One day 4-7 days
6-8 weeks 8-10 weeks

VACCINES Mareks disease Raniket disease (Lasotta vaccine) Fowl pox Raniket disease (R2 b vaccine)

Record Keeping:

Inventories of birds, equipment, feed etc., at the beginning and end of laying period. Egg production record by day and by month. A record of death losses and cause of death. A record of income from sales of products. Feed records. Record of expenditure.

Production of eggs:
Production of Eggs and Poultry in India, 1980-2000:

Per hen, per year Eggs per hen Eggs for consumption and sale Eggs for hatching Chicks hatched Birds for consumption and

Local (before) 57 41

Improved hens (after) 87 63

16 11 3.2

24 17 4.9

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