Circulation

The circulatory system carries blood and dissolved substance to and from different places in the body. Our body resembles a large roadmap, There are routes or arteries that take you downtown to the heart of the city.

3 Major Parts of the Circulatory system Medium blood or haemolymph

- carries important *stuff through body

Heart pumps or pushes blood through body Blood Vessels arteries, veins and
capillaries. - routes blood travels * Stuff includes oxygen, food, & waste

whats in
Erythrocytes (red blood cells) Leucocytes (white blood cells)

plasma

platelets

The Blood

red blood cell

white blood cell

platelets

plasma

Plasma
It also contains useful things like; carbon dioxide

A strawcoloured liquid that carries the cells and the platelets which help blood clot.

glucose amino acids proteins minerals vitamins hormones waste materials like urea.

Erythrocytes

Erythrocytes
a biconcave disc that is round and flat without a nucleus contain haemoglobin, a molecule specially designed to hold oxygen and carry it to cells that need it.

can change shape to an amazing extent, without breaking, as it squeezes single file through the capillaries.

Platelets
Platelets are bits of cell broken off larger cells.

Platelets produce tiny fibrinogen fibres to form a net. This net traps other blood cells to form a blood clot.

 Leucocytes
Fight and kill germs that may enter your bloodstream

Leucocytes

Granulocytes

Agranulocytes

Neutrophils

Eosinophils

Basophils

Lymphocytes

Monocytes

Erythrocytes Has biconcave disc shape No nucleus

Leucocytes No fixed shape

Has a big nucleus

Transporting Oxygen gases

Fight infection in various way

blood from the heart gets around the body through blood vessels There are 3 types of blood vessels

a. b.

ARTERY VEIN

c.

CAPILLARY

Arteries

lumen

Veins

Wall (thick, muscular and elastic)

Elastic fibre

Wall (thin, less muscular and less elastic)

Wall (one cell thick)

Capillaries

Arteries carry blood away from the heart. Arteri membawa darah dari jantung the elastic fibres allow the artery to stretch under pressure Blood pressure is high Elastic fibre

The ARTERY

Carries blood from heart to tissues (organ)

Bring oxygenated blood except pulmonary artery

The VEIN
Veins carry blood towards the heart. Membawa darah kepada jantung veins have valves which act to stop the blood from going in the wrong direction. Blood pressure is very low Carries blood from tissues (organ) to the heart Bring deoxygenated blood except pulmonary vein

The CAPILLARY
Capillaries link Arteries with Veins Menghubungkan arteri dan vena
cell

Enable the diffusion of gases, nutrients, hormones, waste product between blood and tissue the wall of a capillary is only one cell thick
Blood content is mixed

endothelium (one cell thick)

lumen

The exchange of materials between the blood and the body can only occur through capillaries.

The CAPILLARY
A collection of capillaries is known as a capillary bed.
artery vein

body cell

capillaries

How does this system work?

pulmonary vein lungs
head & arms aorta

pulmonary artery

main vein

Right
liver

Left

digestive system

kidneys
legs

Circulatory System

Our circulatory system is a double circulatory system. This means it has two parts
Lungs

the right side of the system deals with deoxygenated blood.

the left side of the system deals with

oxygenated
blood.

Body cells

Circulatory System

The Heart
This is a vein. It brings blood from the body, except the lungs. These are arteries. They carry blood away from the heart.

2 atria 2 ventricles

Coronary arteries, the hearts own blood supply

The heart has four chambers

now lets look inside the heart

The Heart
Pulmonary artery Vena cava
Right Atrium Tricuspid valve

Aorta Pulmonary vein

Left Atrium Bicuspid valve

Right Ventricle

Left Ventricle

How does the Heart work? STEP ONE

blood from the body

blood from the lungs

- The heart beat begins when the

atria muscles relax and blood flows into the atria.

-Deoxygenated blood (from whole

body) enter the right atrium via vena cava

- oxygenated blood (from the lung)

enter the left atria via pulmonary vein.

How does the Heart work? STEP TWO

- The atria then contract and the valves open to allow blood into the ventricles. - Blood in RA go through tricuspid valve to enter RV - Blood in LA go through bicuspid valve to enter LV.

How does the Heart work? STEP THREE

- When the ventricles contract, the tricuspid and bicuspid valve will close and semilunar valves is forced to open.
At the same time, blood is pushed into pulmonary artery and aorta. At the same time, the atria are relaxing and once again filling with blood. What happen when the ventricles relax?

The cycle then repeats itself.

Lub
If you listen to your heartbeat, it makes a lub dub sound.
The lub is when blood is pushed out of the heart into the body and the dub is the reloading of the heart with more blood ready to push it out to the body

Dub

The pumping of heart

Cardiac muscle is myogenic, which means can contract and relax without the impulse from nervous system. The pumping of heart coordinated by a pacemaker The primary pacemaker is known as SA node which located at upper wall of right atrium The impulse from SA node will cause the atria to contract before the impulse reach the AV nodes which located at the bottom wall of right atrium.

 From AV node, the impulses spread to bunle of His, bundle branches and Purkinje fibres which cause the ventricles to contract. The pacemaker is regulated by:
Parasimpathetic nerve: slow down the heart beat Sympathetic nerve: speed up the heart beat. Adrenaline hormone: speed up the heart beat during fear/excitement

1.7 contraction of skeletal muscle around the veins

Blood pressure in veins is lower compared to artery. Therefore, the flows of blood back to heart are helped by When the skeletal muscles contract, the veins will constrict and the blood push along the veins in one direction due to the presence of valve in vein.

SUMMARY
copy and complete the following;
away from the heart. The walls of an artery Arteries take blood ______

muscular walls and elastic fibres. Veins are made up of thick _________
towards the heart and also have valves. The carry blood ________ capillaries link arteries and veins, and have a one cell thick wall. _________

plasma the liquid part of the Blood is made up of four main things ______,
oxygen White Blood cells to protect blood; Red Blood Cells to carry ______; platelets to help blood clot. the body from disease and _________