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Animals
are
Heterotrophs
No cell walls
Feeding
Respiration
Circulation
Excretion
Response
Movement
Reproduction
All animals are multicellular and heterotrophic. lack cell walls. have nerves and muscles Most can move and ability of flight is unique to animals.
Animals can vary greatly They can be found in the arctic, the rainforests of South America, deep ocean trenches, and at the tops of mountains.
Most reproduce sexually Most are invertebrates Most animals live in the sea
Vertebrates: reptiles, amphibians, fish, birds and mammals are vertebrate animals
Birds are thought to be descendents of dinosaurs. Fossils show as animals evolved they became more complex.
Invertebrates
Animals that lack backbones Almost all animals are invertebrates and they can be found anywhere on earth. Includes: sponges, jellyfish, octopus, clams, snails, spiders, beetles, and crabs. Some have exoskeletons (insects) to protect their bodies and provide structure. Can reproduce sexually and asexually, depending on the species
Sponges
sessile as adults, asymmetric, and have no tissues - specialized cells, reproduce sexually or asexually, and they feed by filtering particles from water.
Cnidarians
found in marine environments. radial symmetry and tentacles. a polyp form and a medusa form. Most are carnivorous
Brain Coral (Anthazoans) Box jellyfish (Scyphozoans)
Flatworms
Have soft bodies with bilateral symmetry and no segments. No body cavity, specialized respiratory (lungs) or circulatory (heart) organs. Nutrients/gas pass through body. They can be Tapeworm found in the sea or on land. (Cestoda)
Round worms
Nematodes. can be found anywhere. Feed on fungi, bacteria, and sometimes other round worms. Most are parasitic but some are predators. Can be microscopic to 8m long
Pin worms
Caenorhabditis elegans
Annelids
Earth worm (land)
Leeches (water)
Segmented worms found in freshwater, saltwater and on land. They have organs in each segment. Have a gut, circulatory system and nervous system (with brain). Reproduce sexually and asexually
Arthropods
Account for 2/3 of known species includes insects, arachnids and crustaceans. All have an exoskeleton, segmented bodies, and jointed appendages.
All but scorpions lay eggs. Some go through metamorphosis (caterpillar - butterfly) before they reach maturity. They can be helpful (pollinators) or harmful (destroy crops, spread disease)
Arachnids
Arachnids include spiders, scorpions, ticks and mites All have 8 legs and are mostly found in terrestrial environments. No antennae and no wings.
Spiders: jumping spider and banana spider. Mites: yellow mite and velvet mite.
Insects
Most diverse group of animals. Arthropods with hard exoskeletons and divided bodies. Have jointed legs and compound eyes.
Mollusks
Have the most varied body forms May have one or all: radula, shell made of calcium carbonate, mantle, and gills. All consist of a head, body and foot. They can be filter feeders, herbivores, carnivores, eat dead animals, parasites, or predators.
Cephalopods:
largest and most intelligent invertebrates including octopus, squid, and cuttlefish They have tentacles with suckers on them Flamboyant cuttlefish They also have beaks and large brains
Giant Squid
Paper Nautilus
Bivalves Have a shell with two parts. Mussels, oysters and clams.
Gastropods most of the mollusks alive today. Various group including snails, sea slugs and shells.
Crustaceans
Barnacles (sessile)
Antarctic Krill
Echinoderms
Includes starfish, sea urchins, and sea cucumbers Most have protective spines, some poisonous Most feed on small organisms and organic matter.
Most can move, but some can not Radial symmetry Water-vascular system
Invertebrate Chordates
2 groups of chordates with no vertebrae: lancets and tunicates. Have notochords. All but tunicates have a hollow nerve chord
Vertebrates
Animals with backbones. A very diverse group of animals that includes amphibians, fish, reptiles, birds and mammals. have a skull made of bone which surrounds and protects the brain. All vertebrates are also segmented, have 4 jointed appendages and bilateral symmetry. They also have a chambered heart, closed circulatory system, complex organs and a coelom.
Amphibians
Ectotherms Adapted to life on land or in the water (most live near water) Smooth skin with no scales Some can change colors
Reproduce sexually (some are hermaphroditic) Return to water to breed. Life cycles (metamorphosis): egg larva adult
Frogs and toads Both are amphibians and share similar features.
3 chambered hearts and well developed nervous system short bodies, no tails as adults, and their legs are adapted for jumping rather than walking. Carnivores
Marine toad
Newts and Salamanders Some live only on land and some only in water. Carnivorous larva. Mostly found north of the equator.
Fire salamander
Tiger salamander
Siren
Newt
Caecilians live underground or underwater in tropical areas. Resemble worms. Some lay eggs while others have live birth. Ex: Mexican caecilian, ringed caecilian.
Reptiles
Covered with scales Have good senses Ectothermic Include snakes, crocodilians, and lizards. Most lay eggs on land (even if they live in the water) Most lay eggs but some have live young Snakes and lizards have a Jacobson's organ.
Snakes no legs, outer ears or eyelids. Carnivorous. Can dislocate jaw. Most lay eggs but some have live young. Ex: Gaboon viper, American copperhead, Carpet python and yellow-bellied sea snake.
Lizards Most successful reptiles. Some can regenerate limbs. All over the world except Antarctica. Ex: Thorny devil, web-footed geckos, armadillo lizard, and komodo dragon.
Crocodilians:
Large primitive reptiles. Extreme predators (carnivores) who hunt prey or eat carrion. Most live in fresh water. Females will care for and protect young after they hatch.
Alligators - Only two species (Chinese and American). Live mostly in the Americas or China. Crocodiles Several species. Some live in salt water. Live in
Asia, South America, Africa and Australia.
Crocodiles
Nile Crocodile
Caimans Live mostly in the Americas or Africa. Gharials Found in Asia. Poorly developed limbs so spends most of the time in the water.
Saltwater Crocodile
Fish
Largest group of vertebrates Ectothermic Fertilization of eggs normally occurs outside of the body, reproduction varies among types of fishes. Breathes through gills, covered in scales, streamlined bodies for swimming, lives in all types of water. Few travel between salt water and fresh water. 3 main groups: Cartilaginous fish, jawless fish, bony fishes,
Sharks successful predators. internal skeleton made of cartilage. Live in salt water. Most are predators. Internal fertilization with young being born live or in a egg case. Can sense electrical signals in the water.
Banded catshark Basking shark Hammerhead
Rays Have wing like fins and broad flat bodies. Most live in sea beds but some live in open water.
Manta Ray
Bony fishes large varied group of fishes. Most have a swim bladder.
Have a internal skeleton. Occur in all types of water all over the world. Most have external fertilization
Marine fish: Morey eel, yellowfin tuna and clown fish.
Jawless fish: first group of fish to appear. Primitive. 2 groups: hagfish and lampreys. They lack a jaw.
Freshwater
trout salmon Zebra fish
Longnose gar
Birds
Birds are members of the class Aves. Most birds lack teeth and have a reduced tail. Their forelimbs have been modified into wings that enable flight (however not all birds can fly). They have lightweight bones and a body covered with feathers (which also enables flight) Birds have highly efficient lungs, divided ventricles in their heart, and are warmblooded. Adapted differently depending on their way of life.
Australian Warbler
Superb Lyrebird
Mockingbird
Songbirds: birds that have vocal cords that produce various notes that are used to attract mates or to hold territories. They include wrens, mockingbirds, canaries, and cardinals
sea water and freshwater. Usually keep 1 mate. Migratory (mallard duck, bufflehead, mandarin duck )
Birds of Prey: (Bald Eagle, Osprey, Eagle Owl). Predatory birds that hunt food usually while flying. Large and powerful talons and beaks.
Hummingbirds: Very small birds native to America. Able to hover in place and even fly backwards. Important pollinators. Feed on nectar. Examples: Green violetear, Rufous hummingbird, hummingbird, Whitetailed humming bird,
Parrots: About 300 species found in warm or tropical regions. Have curved bill and strong legs. Most are bright colors. Intelligent and can imitate human voices.
Mammals
Have hair, specialized teeth, mammary glands, and are endotherms. Diverse in size, anatomy and habitat range
Efficient lungs, nervous system, and a 4 chambered heart. Young are dependent on parents for long time
1. 2.
3.
Three types: Placentals: young develop in female. Vary in size, shape, diets, and habitat. Ex: Whales, deer, lions Marsupials: Mostly found in Australia and New Guinea, young are born shortly after fertilization and complete development in mothers pouch. Ex: Kangaroos, opossums Monotremes: Most primitive group, have reptilian appearance, lay eggs. Have a cochlea. Ex: platypus
Family Mustelidae: the weasel family, the largest family in Carnivores. Includes weasels, minks, badgers, wolverines, and otters
Cats: They come from the family felidae Strict carnivores! Solitary
Serval, sand cat, tiger, cheetah, lion
Dogs: live in groups called packs. They belong to the family canidae (canids) Found all over the world.
Bears: (family Urisidae), most are omnivores. 8 species (and several sub species) spread out over a wide variety of habitats. 6 species are vulnerable or endangered.
Raccoons & relatives: (From the genus prycon), most are omnivores. 3 species. Common raccoon, crab-eating raccoon, and the Tres Marias raccoon.
The kinkajou, coati and red panda are relatives of the raccoon.
Bats Only mammals that can fly. They have membraned wings which are an extension of their back and belly skin stretched over arms and hands. They live in tropical or temperate environments. Diets can vary from fruit to insects/birds/rodents/bats to blood.
Vampire bat Pallid bat Rodriguezs flying fox
Spectral bat
Insectivores Small mammals that eat insects. They are normally active a
night. Most have small eyes and ears but larger snouts. Can be found throughout the world.
Moonrat and hedgehog
Rodents Almost
of mammals are rodents. They are found everywhere except Antarctica and in every habitat on earth. They easily adapt and thrive in many environments. They produce many young. Most eat plants but some will eat small animals. Woodchuck Muskrat Naked mole-rat
Rabbits and hares Medium sized rodent like mammals. They have
large incisors used for gnawing. Are herbivores. Have characteristic long ears, long hind legs, and eyes on side of head (help to avoid predators).
Odd-toed:
Grevys Zebra and white rhinoceros
Even-toed
Dolphin: Dusky dolphin, Pacific white-sided dolphin, Common dolphin, Spinner dolphin, Commersons dolphin, False killer whale, Amazon river dolphin
Baleen whales: Blue whale, Northern Pacific right whale, humpback whale,
Pinnipeds clumsy on land but fast in the water. Some can hold their breath
underwater for up to an hour while hunting. Seals cannot support themselves upright on land. Most live in large colonies. All (but one species) live in salt water.
Sea lions: California sea lion, New Zealand sea lion, Walrus
Elephants largest land animal. endangered herbivore. Has a long trunk and tusks.
African elephant, African forest elephant, Indian elephant
Manatee and dugong closest living relative is the elephant. Endangered. Live in Florida and India.
Primates Prosimians, monkeys and apes. Found mostly in tropical areas, most of the time in trees (South/Central America, Africa and Madagascar). About 200 species.
Examples: Golden lion tamarin, western tarsier, Chimpanzee, Spider monkey, and Mandrill,
Hyracoidean - hyraxes
Marsupials live offspring that are born shortly after fertilization and continue development in mothers pouches. Most are found in Australia and New Guinea
Quoll Tasmanian Devil
Opossum
Monotremes Unusual primitive mammals that lay eggs. Have structures that resemble reptiles. Consists of platypus and echidna. Carnivores that lack teeth. Only 5 species
Babies!
Viviparous
Live birth
Oviparous
Lay eggs
Ovoviviparous
Egg is carried inside female until birth