By:

JOSEPH dela CERNA

DIFFERENT TYPES OF VEGETABLES
LEAFY VEGETABLES
Example: pechay, lettuce, cabbage, mustard, sweet potato, alugbati,
kangkong.
ROOT OR BULB CROPS
Example: onion, radish, garlic, carrots, sweet potato
BEANS AND LEGUMES
Example: mongo, stringbeans, sweet pea (chicharo)
• FRUIT VEGETABLES
Example: eggplant, tomato, sweet pepper
• FLOWER VEGETABLES
Example: cauliflower, brocolli
• VINE FRUIT VEGETABLES
Example: squash, cucumber, ampalaya
• TREE FRUIT VEGETABLES
Example: malungay, camansi
SOURCES OF PLANTING MATERIALS

• Accredited seed growers

• Accredited seed suppliers
• Government experiment stations
• NGO, municipal and provincial
agriculturist offices
 PRODUCING SEEDLINGS

PREPARING THE SEED BOXES

Construct seed boxes of uniform size and depths. Use the centimeter
scale in measuring the inside dimensions. Set the width at 50 cm,
the length at 75 cm and the depth at 7 cm-10 cm. Provide the box
with about six holes to serve as drainage. If the pieces of board
used for making the seed box are so laid that they allow water for
drain, there is no need of putting holes on the bottom.
PREPARING THE SOIL TO USE

Make 1:1:1 mixture of sieved, compost and garden soil. You can
modify the proportion to suit the texture of your soil. If the garden
soil is sandy loam, and less sand, this mixture will provide excellent
drainage and adequate air spaces while holding a significant amount
of water.
 PRODUCING SEEDLINGS
1. STERILIZING THE SOIL MIXTURE:
Sterilized the mixture to kill weed seeds, insects and numerous
soil pathogens as those that caused damping off.
• THE HEAT METHOD
Heat the soil mixture thoroughly under high temperature. The
steam heat that builds up in a moistened soil mixture is a more
effective sterilant than the dry heat in the dry soil mixture. Place
the soil mixture in a two halves of a large metal barrel that is
supported over a fire pit. Start the fire and make holes in the soil
mixture with a rake handle. Sprinkle water on the soil mix to wet it
thoroughly. Cover the wet soil with galvanized iron sheets to
retain the heat that reaches the top of the soil. Heat the mixture for
two hours
Note: An alternative to this method of soil sterilization would be
the application of boiling water to the soil medium. Let the soil
cool before sowing.
 PRODUCING SEEDLINGS

• Soil is placed up to 1 inch from the top of the seed

box.
• Make furrows in the seed box with a wood stick.
• Sow the seeds evenly along the furrows.
• Cover the seeds lightly with fine soil
• Water the seeds sown.
• Cover the seed boxes with banana leaves and open it
about 3 to 5 days after sowing as soon as the seeds
start to germinate.
 PRICKING OF SEEDLINGS
• Saturate the seed boxes with water for the first 3 days.
Regulate watering after germination. Approximately 5
days after emergence prick the seedlings. Seedling
trays maybe used as alternative to raise strong and
healthy seedling. A well developed and undamaged
root system will reduce planting shock resulting in
faster recovery and earlier harvest. Fill seedling trays
or small pots made out of banana leaves with same soil
mixture as used for sowing.
 LAND PREPARATION

• The field should be prepared very well. The soil

should be pulverized and the plot leveled.
 TRANSPLANTING

• Three weeks after pricking, transfer the seedlings

into a field at a distance of 75 cm. between rows and
75 cm. between plants. Transplanting should be
done during cloudy days or late in the afternoon.
 IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE

• If rainfall is insufficient, irrigation should start

immediately after transplanting and as needed
afterwards. Hilling up should be done one week
later in order to protect the plants from water
logging, provide proper aeration and weed control.
 WEED CONTROL

• Control includes light cultivation, spot hand

weeding, tillage and mulching.
 FERTILIZATION

• Basal application of organic fertilizer such as chicken

dung, cow or carabao manure, goat manure is
recommended or 25 gm per hill of complete (14-14-14)
fertilizer should be applied. First side dressing should
be done 20 to 25 days after transplanting at the rate of
7 gm per hill of urea (46-0-0) mixed with muriate of
potash (0-0-60). It should be repeated every 30 days.
 PEST AND DISEASES

• Use of integrated pest management (IPM)

approach is recommended.
 HARVESTING

• Harvesting starts 60 to 80 days after transplanting,

harvesting can be done twice a week over a period of 3
to 6 months depending on the variety and the
condition of the crop.
 RAPID COMPOSTING USING
TRICHODERMA
TRICHODERMA – a fungus that is used to hasten decomposition of
crop residues with the help of animal manure.

WHY CHOOSE TRICHODERMA

• It is a fastest decomposer
• No reports of human diseased caused by it
• No side effects such as allergy
 MATERIALS NEEDED FOR COMPOSTING
1. Water – It is one of the most critical factor that determines the
rate of decomposting. Dry materials will decompose slowly.
2. Compost pen or platform – It is important that the heap must be
raised above the ground by about 10 – 15 cm. for aeration.
3. Substrates for composting – All crop residues can be composted.
Weeds can also be utilized but avoid using weeds with flowers
and fruits.
4. CFA – Trichoderma hastens the process of decomposition since it
increases the population of cellulose decomosers.
5. Cover – The ideal is white, transparent plastic, because the
activator wants a diffused light.
6. Metal fork or shovel – This is needed in turning the compost after
two (2) weeks. Don't turn the compost if it is still hot because
plenty of amonia will evaporate.
 RAPID METHOD OF COMPOSTING
STEP 1 Gather materials
STEP 2 Prepare the area
STEP 3 Add water to bottles (¾ full) containing trichoderma, mix
thoroughly
STEP 4 Wet the materials thoroughly using tap water
STEP 5 Pile the materials about 6” thick
STEP 6 Add animal manure
STEP 7 Pour trichoderma
STEP 8 Repeat the process until 5 – 6 layers
STEP 9 Cover the compost heap
STEP 10 Turn the compost heap after 3 weeks
STEP 11 Harvest the compost
STEP 12 Apply the compost