What is fat soluble vitamins?

O Are stored in the body fat and

can reach toxic level and not absolutely needed daily from food sources. Moreover deficiency develop relatively slow. Generally, fat soluble vitamins are stable specially in ordinary cooking.

Fat Soluble Vitamins

VITAMIN A VITAMIN D VITAMIN E VITAMIN - K

What is Vitamin A ?

Vitamin A
( axerophtol) soluble

vitamin that can be classified into retinols or carotenoids. These substances are metabolized by the body to form usable vitamin A.

Retinol
O Is the vitamin A found in

animal-source foods require very little work by the body in order to convert it to true vitamin A.

Caratenoids
O which include the very

prevalent beta carotene are poorly converted by the body.

Function for Vit. A

Promote vision; light and

color Promote growth Prevent dying of skin and eyes Promote resistance to bacterial infection

Utilization
Vitamin A

Deficiency System
O Night blindness O Xerophthalmia O Poor growth

O Phrynoderma
O Lower resistance to

infection O Bistots spot

Toxicity result
O Hypervitaminosis A
O Hair loss O Skin changes O Pain in bones (Beyond

3000 RE per day) O Fetal malformation

Recommended Nutrient Intake O Males: 19 yrs. and over (59 kg)550 mcg RE o Females: 19 yrs. and over ( 51 kg) 500 mcg RE o Pregnancy: (+300) 800 mcg RE o Lactation: (+400) 900 mcg RE o Infant: (6-11 mos) 400 mcg RE o Children: (1-9 yrs.) 400 mcg RE

Vitamin A Sources
Carrots Green Broccoli Papaya Cantaloupe Apricot Sweet potato Fortified milk Spinach Butter Liver

What is Vitamin D ?

Vitamin D
O Is a group of fat-soluble vitamins.

They are considered prohormones, or the precursors to hormones, and are essential to endocrine health. There are several forms of vitamin D, but the most common are ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) which are known together as calciferol.

Function of Vit. D
O Promotes hardening of

bones and teeth O Facilitate the absorption of calcium and phosphorus

Utilization
O Vitamin D is absorbed through

the lacteals of the lymphatic system. As a fat soluble vitamin, factor that affect fat utilization will also affect vitamin D. It is stored in the liver, bones and soft tissues (like the lungs and the brain).

O Placental transfer of

vitamin D from the mother to the fetus is not enough, hence the need for supplemental vitamin D during pregnancy.

Deficiency of Vit. D
O Severe: rickets in

children O Osteomalacia in adults.

Toxicity result
O Mild: nausea, weight loss,

irritability. O Severe: mental and physical growth retardation O kidney damage O Movement of calcium from bones into soft tissues.

Recommended Nutrient Intake O For infant, children, adolescents and adult 19-49 yrs. its 5 mcg O Female and Male 50-64 yrs. of age its 10 mcg O For older person 65 yrs. and over its 15 mcg

Food sources
Vitamin D Fortified milk Fortified margarine Fish oils Egg yolk Synthesized by sunlight action on skin.

What is Vitamin E ?

Vitamin E
refers to several nutrients called

tocopherols. These are fat soluble vitamins. Of these tocopherols, alpha-tocopherol offers the highest bioavailability. While alphatocopherol seems to be the most active, beta-tocopherol, gammatocopherol and delta-tocopherol each play their complementary role.

Functions:
O Acts as an antioxidant

O Prevent break down of

vitamin A and vitamin K and unsaturated fatty acid

Utilization
O Our body absorb 20 to 30 % of

ingested vitamin E and absorption decrease as intake increases. The major storage site includes muscle, liver and fat. Excess vitamin E undergoes conjugation in the liver and this is excreted via bile or urine.

Deficiencies system
O Hemolysis of red blood cells
O Nerve destruction O Low blood level of tocopherol O Increase urinary excretion of

creatinine and decrease excretion of creatinine.

Toxicity result
O Muscle weakness O Headache O Fatigue

O Blood clots
O Toxic beyond 1200 IU per

day

Recommended Nutrient Intake

O For adult males and

females (19 yrs. and over) the RNI is 12 mg O 10 mg alpha tocopherol equivalent for adult men and 8 mg a- TE for adult women.

Sources of Vitamin E
Vegetable oils Some green and Some fruits Wheat Peanut Olive oil

What is Vit. K

Vitamin K
O Vitamin K is a group of vitamins,

notably vitamin K1 and vitamin K2. Vitamin K, like vitamins A, D and E, are fat soluble vitamins. Vitamin K1 and vitamin K2 are naturally occuring vitamins; however, theres a subset of vitamin K which include vitamin K3, K4, K5 all of which are synthetic vitamins.

Functions:
O Help form prothrombin and other factor for blood clotting and bone

formation O Essential for cellular respiration and in plants photosynthesis requires vitamin K. O Help synthesize osteocalcin, a protein found in bones.

Utilization
O Vitamin K is stable to heat, but

destroyed readily by light, oxidizing agents, acids and alkalis. Vitamin K is stored in the liver and is rapidly used up. Unlike the other fat soluble vitamins, its toxicity in excess amount have not been demonstrated in man.

Deficiencies system
O blood in stool
O easy bruising O hemorrhage O impaired bone formation O internal bleeding

O prolonged bleeding

Toxicity Result
O Anemia and jaundice
O Itchy or swollen skin O Perspiration O Rapid and weak pulse

O Difficulty breathing

Recommended Nutrient Intake O Male adult (19 yrs. and over) its 59 mcg O Female adult (19 yrs. and over) its 51 mcg O For children (1-12 yrs.) 13-35 mcg/day O For adolescents (13-18 yrs.) 49-50140 mcg/day

Food sources
asparagus broccoli Brussels sprouts cabbage canola oil cauliflower collards cucumbers egg yolk

THANK YOU !