The contact between maxillary & mandibular teeth when they approach each other, as occurs during chewing

or at rest.

In occlusion we see molar canine and incisor relatioinship

Molar relationship
Mesiobuccal cusp of upper first molar lie in the mesiobuccal groove of lower first molar

Canine relationship
Upper canine lie in between lower 1st and 2nd premolars

Incisor relationship
Incisal edges of lower incisor in contact with the cingulum of upper incisors

Molar relationship

Canine relationship

Incisor relationship

Misalignment between the upper and lower teeth when the jaw is closed, resulting in a faulty bite

In 1890 Edward H. Angle published the first classification of malocclusion. The classifications are based on the relationship of the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar and the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar

A normal molar relationship exists but there is crowding, misalignment of the teeth, cross bites, etc

CLASS II Mesiobuccal cusp of upper first molar lie half cusp in front of the mesiobuccal groove of lower first molar

Two divisions

Class II Division 1 when the maxillary anterior teeth are proclined and a large overjet is present.

Class II Division 2

when the maxillary anterior teeth are retroclined and a deep overbite exists.

CLASS III Mesiobuccal cusp of upper first molar lie half cusp behind the mesiobuccal groove of lower first molar

15 % of adolescents and adults have severely crowded and rotated incisors Bi-maxillary protrusion is more in Negroes Class II malocclusion is 25% in children, 15% in adolescents and 13% in adults It is more prevalent in whites of Europe. Class III malocclusion is more prevalent in Asian(2%-5%) than American (< 1%)

Prevalence of malocclusion in US population Normal occlusion (30%) Class I (50%) Class II (15%) Class III (<1%) It is more common in whites than blacks and more in urban than rural areas

Recent dental survey reported overall prevalence of 17% Study of 11-14 yrs olds in north west of England reported prevalence of 34.4% Recent survey of 14 yrs olds in the east end of London reported prevalence of 23.7% More boys than girls experience dental injuries Peak age is early adolescence

Clinical

Incisal protrusion Increased overjet (> 6mm) Inadequate lip coverage

Social/Envoirmental Contact sports Violence Deprivation Overcrowding Falls Traffic & bicycle accidents Poor envoirments

1 to 3 yrs legs trauma due to lack of proper sense of caution 7 to10 yrs contact sports ( Foot ball , Badminton , hockey , Cricket , Basket ball ) Adolescence Accidents around home trauma to primary dentition Accidents around schools trauma to permanent dentition Most common cause of trauma is fall Commonly effected teeth are maxillary central incisors

Distorted esthetics Compromised speech Loss of masticatory functions of teeth Pain Facial asymmetry

The end