Desentralisasi dan Good Governance

Latar Belakang
Pasal 1 UUD 1945: desentralisasi & OTDA tetap dalam kerangka NKRI Desentralisasi adalah urusan yang menjadi kewenangan daerah, merupakan hasil dari pendelegasian sebagai urusan pusat untuk mencapai kesejahteraan bagi seluruh lapisan masyarakat UU No. 32/2004: pendegelasian urusan menggunakan 3 (tiga) prinsip dasar yaitu efisiensi, eksternalitas, dan akuntabilitas Masing-masing jenjang pemerintahan (Pusat, Propinsi, dan Kabupaten/Kota) memiliki kewenangan dan peran untuk mewujudkan tujuan pembangunan yang disepakati bersama secara nasional Desentralisasi dan otonomi daerah bertujuan untuk menumbuhkan prakarsa daerah dan memfasilitasi keanekaragaman sesuai kondisi daerahnya masing-masing Daerah otonom berhak, berwenang, dan berkewajiban mengatur dan mengurus rumah tangganya sendiri, oleh karenanya diberikan sumbersumber keuangan untuk pembiayaan penyelenggaraan pemerintahan dan pembangunan daerah

Desentralisasi dan Otonomi daerah

Desentralisasi; penyerahan wewenang dari pemerintah pusat kepada pemerintah daerah untuk mengatur dan mengurus daerahnya. Otonomi; wewenang yang dimiliki oleh daerah untuk mengurus rumah tangganya sendiri dalam rangka desentralisasi.

Tujuan:
Efisiensi dan efektivitas pemberian pelayanan kepada masyarakat. Peningkatan pertumbuhan ekonomi dan pembangunan daerah. Peningkatan partisipasi masyarakat dalam kehidupan politik dan pelaksanaan pembangunan. Peningkatan efektivitas pelaksanaan koordinasi serta pengawasan pembangunan.

Pembagian Urusan Pusat dan Daerah

Keuangan Daerah
UU 33/2004 tentang perimbangan keuangan pusat/daerah. Sumber-sumber penerimaan daerah: Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD); pendapatan daerah dari hasil pajak, hasil retribusi daerah, hasil perusahaan milik daerah, dan hasil pengelolaan kekayaan daerah lainnya. Dana Perimbangan; penerimaan daerah yang diperoleh dari PBB, bea perolehan hak atas tanah dan bangunan, dan penerimaan dari sumber daya alam, Dana Alokasi Umum dan Dana Alokasi Khusus

Governance adalah:
(UNESCAP) proses pengambilan keputusan dan implementasi keputusan tersebut

Melibatkan aktor formal dan informal

Berbagai stakeholder atau berbagai aktor. Pemerintah adalah salah satu aktor dalam kepemerintahan.

STAKEHOLDER

KARAKTERISTIK GOOD GOVERNANCE

PRINSIP-PRINSIP GOOD GOVERNANCE

Engaging stakeholder and making accountability real

o Pr

Pe r de form fin in ed g fu effe nc c tio tiv ns ely an in d de ro a l e rl y s

m g or le ur ho io w av he ng h r t ti be fo stra gh es n u l u o h ro va d e m e t g c in d n o t a n rn a ve go

Focusing on the organizations purpose and on outcomes for citizens and service users

go od

Sumber : Good Governance Standart for Public Service, CIPFA

T d e a ki n ci g si i n on fo s rm an e d d, m tra an n a g sp i n a ra g ri s n t k

of y lit bi nt p a ci e ca ffi & e ty be ci to pa y ca o d e b th g g in i n e rn op v el go ev he t

1. Good governance means focusing on the organisations purpose and on outcomes for citizens and service users 1.1 Being clear about the organisations purpose and its intended outcomes for citizens and service users 1.2 Making sure that users receive a high quality service 1.3 Making sure that taxpayers receive value for money 2. Good governance means performing effectively in clearly defi ned functions and roles 2.1 Being clear about the functions of the governing body 2.2 Being clear about the responsibilities of non-executives and the executive, and making sure that those responsibilities are carried out 2.3 Being clear about relationships between governors and the public 3. Good governance means promoting values for the whole organisation and demonstrating the values of good governance through behaviour 3.1 Putting organisational values into practice 3.2 Individual governors behaving in ways that uphold and exemplify effective governance

4. Good governance means taking informed, transparent decisions and managing risk 4.1 Being rigorous and transparent about how decisions are taken 4.2 Having and using good quality information, advice and support 4.3 Making sure that an effective risk management system is in operation

5. Good governance means developing the capacity and capability of the governing body to be effective 5.1 Making sure that appointed and elected governors have the skills, knowledge and experience they need to perform well 5.2 Developing the capability of people with governance responsibilities and evaluating their performance, as individuals and as a group 5.3 Striking a balance, in the membership of the governing body, between continuity and renewal 6. Good governance means engaging stakeholders and making accountability real 6.1 Understanding formal and informal accountability relationships 6.2 Taking an active and planned approach to dialogue with and accountability to the public 6.3 Taking an active and planned approach to responsibility to staff 6.4 Engaging effectively with institutional stakeholders

Tugas: Identifikasi masalah daerah studi

Spatial Scale
Key Infrastructure and Services

Household/ Workplace
Shelter Water Storage Onsite Sanitation Garbage Storage Stove Ventilation Substandard Housing Lack of Water No Sanitation Disease Vectors Indoor Air Pollution

Community
Piped Water Sewerage Garbage Collection Drainage Streets/Lanes

Metropolitan Area
Industrial Parks Roads Interceptors Treatment Plants Outfalls Landfills Traffic Congestion Accidents Ambient Air Pollution Toxic Dumps

Region
Highways Water Sources Power Plants

Continent/ Planet

Characteristic Problems

Substandard Housing Lack of Water No Sanitation Disease Vectors Indoor Air Pollution

Water Pollution Ecological Areas Lost

Acid Rain Global Warming Ozone Layer

Tugas:
Identifikasi barang publik dan barang non publik untuk infrastruktur yang diidentifikasikan di atas
THE PROVIDER
Public Public Private

THE PAYER

Private