Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Historical Development a) Developed around 1913 in Manchester b) It is a Biological, secondary treatment Activated sludge: Settled Biomass Activated micro-organism Function of activated sludge: 1. Biodegradation of the influent organic material 2. To formation of floc particles
Basic principle:
COHNS + O2 + bacteria CO2 + H2O+NH3 + Energy + other end products Synthesis: COHNS + O2 + bacteria + energy C5H7NO2
Chemoheterotrophic bacteria Micro-organisms grow and form particles that clamp together
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Activated sludge plant involves: wastewater aeration in the presence of a microbial suspension, solid-liquid separation following aeration, discharge of clarified effluent, wasting of excess biomass, and return of remaining biomass to the aeration tank.
Mixing Regime Loading Rate a) hydraulic retention time (HRT) b) sludge retention time (SRT) c) volumetric organic loading d) Food to Microorganism ratio ( F/ M ) Flow Scheme the pattern of sewage addition the pattern of sludge return to the aeration tank and the pattern of aeration
Advantages :
Allows smaller volume Flexible operation, zone aeration, accommodates anoxic and aerobic processes with single biomass for biological nutrient removal Less aeration Better settling characteristics
Disadvantages
High oxygen demand in inlet zone May not buffer peak loads as well, although less likely in activated sludge with high biomass Less efficiency due to uniform aeration through out the length of aeration tank but demand is less.
nptel.iitm.ac.in
Methods to decrease in aeration :By decreasing the diffusers density (no. of diffusers per unit length) along the length It can be done by changing c/c distance of diffusers
Advantage :
Suitable for high Bod wastewaters. Eg; food processing industry wastewater Lower the peak oxygen demand Better equalization of waste load ( within aeration tank ) Better distribution of oxygen demand over entire length of A.T. Smaller aeration tank volume compared to conventional activated sludge unit
External substrate is completely removed. Auto oxidation (internal substrate is used). Net growth =0 If Q, So, Se & X are the same Volume required in extended aeration system = 30 times that of conventional ASP
www.brighthub.com
Advantages :
Sludge production minimum Stabilized sludge no digesters are required Nutrient requirement minimal
Disadvantages :
High power requirement Large volume of aeration tank Suitable for small communities
Oxidation ditch
nptel.iitm.ac.in
Influent
Sludge return
Brush-type aerators
Effluent
Secondary clarifier
Advantages :
Typically small systems Flexible operation with placement and use of aerators can be used for nutrient removal
Disadvantages :
Long aeration time, larger reactor.
Wastewater rich in colloidal organic solids besides soluble BOD Eg: Dairy industry, meat processing industry
www.webapps.cee.vt.edu
Contact tank
Design is based on separation time. Separation of colloidal and soluble substrate based on MLSS. No increase in biomass concentration (during separation process no energy generated )
Stabilization tank
Stabilization of colloidal and soluble BOD by microbes. Increase in biomass Detention time in stabilization tank is 3 to 4 hrs.
Advantages
Reduced aeration requirement with short contact tank residence time Reportedly better settling sludge
Disadvantages
Complex operation Possible reduced treatment for soluble contaminants in contact tank
civil.colorado.edu
Advantages:
Five times oxygen transfer rate over air Smaller volume Higher biomass concentration possible, but limited by secondary settler capacity
Disadvantages :
Very expensive: covered tanks, high energy cost for O2 generation, gas recirculation equipment No flexibility (all aerobic processes) Settling problems have been reported