BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR

ANSUMAN SHARMA 109ee0305 Department of ELECTRICAL Engineering, NIT Rourkela

ABSTRACT
The conventional dc motor uses brushes and commutator which are subject to wear and require maintenance. When the function of commutator and brushes were implemented by solid state switches, maintenance free motors were realised. These motors are known as brushless dc motor. The brushless dc motor is a motor drive system consisting of an ac motor, solid state inverter and a rotor position sensor. This motor has a very high efficiency and widely used now a days.

HOW IT WORKS
Disassembled view of BLDC motor

INTRODUCTION
The brushless dc motor are synchronous motors which are powered by a dc electric source via an integrated inverter, which produces an ac electric signal to drive the motor, additional sensors to control inverter output. The rotor is a permanent magnet while stator is armature winding. The commonly used rotor position sensors are Hall effect sensor and electro optical sensor.

Brushless dc motors incorporates some means to detect the rotor position (or magnetic poles) to produce signals to control the electronic switches . The most common position/pole sensor is the Hall element, but some motors use optical sensors. 1.Halls Sensors sense the position of the coils. 2.The Decoder Circuit turns appropriate switches on and off. 3.The voltage through the specific coils turns the motor.

The trick of operation in BLDC motors is the Hall sensor that is attached to the stator. It faces the magnets perpendicularly and can distinguish if the North or South pole is in front of it. The Hall sensor is this little component under the right electromagnet. When it senses the South pole, it keeps the coils turned off. When the sensor senses no magnetic field (or could be also the South pole), then it turns on the coils. The coils have both the same magnetic polarity which is North. So they pull the opposite pole and torque is then created.

DISCUSSION
Comparision between conventional dc motor and BLDC. 1. Increased Reliabililty & Efficiency of BLDC than dc motor. 2. Longer Life of BLDC . 3. Elimination of Sparks from Commutator in BLDC. 4. Faster Rate of Voltage & Current from BLDC. 5. Requires Complex Drive Circuitry, so BLDC is costlier than normal motor.

Conclusion APPLICATIONS
1.Laser Printer BLDC motors have longer life and can run at speed more than conventional DC motor. These motors are very small and compact in size and are easy to handle. In near future if the ratings of the brushless dc motor is increased they may be used more widely and also can find applications in traction systems.

2. Consumer Electronics 3. Medical Field 4. Industrial Machinery

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Reference
[1]Dr P.S. Bimbhra, Generalized Theory Of Machines .

5. Airplanes

6. Vehicles

[2]T. Kenjo, Permanent magnet and brushless dc motors