Professional Documents
Culture Documents
David Borenstein, MD Clinical Professor of Medicine Arthritis and Rheumatism Associates The George Washington University Medical Center Washington, DC
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Borenstein D, Wiesel S, Boden S: Low Back Pain: Medical Diagnosis and Comprehensive Management. 1995
Pain Intensity
Minimal - mentioned in passing, normal function Mild - component of symptoms, mild dysfunction Moderate - major component of symptoms, alters function Severe - the disease symptom, incapacitating function
Diagnostic Evaluation
Diagnosis of low back pain is unspecified in 80% of patients
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Dillane JB et al: Acute back syndrome: a study from general practice. BMJ. 1966;2:82-84 Rowe ML: Low back pain in industry: a position paper. J Occup Med 1969;11:161-169 White AA, Gordon S. Symposium on Idiopathic Low Back Pain. Mosby Co. 1982
Depression
Beck Depression scale
Long half-life
sustained effect
Cox - 2 inhibitors
equal efficacy - decreased toxicity
van Tulder et al: Spine 2000;25:2501-2513
Narcotic
Short acting Long acting