Basics of Low Voltage System & Circuit Breakers

G
X MER X MER ACB ACB B C ACB ACB

ACB

ACB

MCCB

MCCB

SDF

SDF

B C ACB

TO CCP

TO MCC1

TO MCC2

TO ETP

TO EM. LIGHT

TO UTILITY MCC

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June 04

Folienthema/Folie 1/Jahreszahl

Basics of Low Voltage System & Circuit Breakers Typical Transformer specifications Rating Primary Voltage Secondary Voltage %ge Impedance Vector Group 1000 11 440 5 DYn11 kVA kV Volts %

Typical Generator specifications

Folienthema/Folie 2/Jahreszahl

Rating Voltage %ge Impedance

1000 440 16

kVA Volts %

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June 04

Basics of Low Voltage System & Circuit Breakers

How to calculate system fault level

T/F rating IFL of the transformer Isc of the transformer 1000 kVA 1391 amps 27,825 amps
kVA x 1000 1.732 x 415 IFL 0.05

So the fault level at T/F terminals works out to be 27.8 kA Similarly the fault level at the generator terminal works out to be 8.7 kA
Folienthema/Folie 3/Jahreszahl

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June 04

Basics of Low Voltage System & Circuit Breakers

Effects of addition of T/F in parallel

T/F rating IFL of the transformer Isc of the transformer 1000 kVA 1391 amps 55,650 amps
kVA x 1000 1.732 x 415 IFL 2 x 0.05

So the fault level at T/F terminals works out to be 55.7 kA

Folienthema/Folie 4/Jahreszahl

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Basics of Low Voltage System & Circuit Breakers

Considerations for the fault level calculations

1. What is the size of the transformer 2. How many transformers are in parallel 3. Size of the Captive Generator, if used 4. Are all these units used in parallel ? 5. Any large size motor fed from the main bus ?
Folienthema/Folie 5/Jahreszahl

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Basics of Low Voltage System & Circuit Breakers

Criterion for Breaker selection

1. Full load current of the transformer / Generator 2. Fault level at the point of installation 3. Other issues such as
1. 3 pole / 4 pole 2. Manual / motorized 3. Type of the release 4. Any other points .
Folienthema/Folie 6/Jahreszahl

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June 04

Basics of Low Voltage System & Circuit Breakers

Terminologies associated with breakers

1. ICMRated making capacity (expressed as peak value) 2. ICU Rated ultimate breaking capacity (expressed as rms value) 3. ICS 4. ICW Rated service breaking capacity (expressed as rms value) Rated short time withstand capacity (expressed as rms value)

5. ICC Rated short time withstand capacity for non automatic breakers (expressed as rms value)
Folienthema/Folie 7/Jahreszahl

Test sequence
ICU = O t CO ICS = O t CO t - CO
(t = 3 min) (t = 3 min)

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Basics of Low Voltage System & Circuit Breakers

Types of breakers
1. Medium of arc quenching - Oil - Air, - Vacuum 2. Principle of operation - Current zero type of breakers - Current limiting breakers
Folienthema/Folie 8/Jahreszahl

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Basics of Low Voltage System & Circuit Breakers

What is current limiting ?

A principle where short circuit current is interrupted before it reaches the first peak.
Prospective current

Current limitation in to Sentron VL

Folienthema/Folie 9/Jahreszahl

4 ms

10 ms t

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June 04

Basics of Low Voltage System & Circuit Breakers

Advantages of current limiting

1. Faster fault clearing 2. Lower let through value 3. Devices subjected to lesser stresses 4. Enhanced protection levels with Cascading 5. Proper Discrimination possible
4 ms 10 ms t Prospective current

Current limitation in to Sentron VL

Folienthema/Folie 10/Jahreszahl

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Basics of Low Voltage System & Circuit Breakers

What is Cascading ? Cascading refers to the technique of series connection of protective devices,which results in enhanced breaking capacity.

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June 04

Folienthema/Folie 11/Jahreszahl

Basics of Low Voltage System & Circuit Breakers

What is Cascading ?

3VL, 630 A ,45 kA

Isc = 40 kA

VF100, 100A, 18 kA Isc = 35 kA A&D / BD-CD June 04

Folienthema/Folie 12/Jahreszahl

VL160X, 100A, 40 kA

Basics of Low Voltage System & Circuit Breakers

Cascading Chart

Upstream MCCB frame

Br.Cap. (Icu) VF100 18 kA Release Ratings TM 100A VL160x 40 kA TM 100A

Downstream MCCB frame VL160x 40 kA TM 160A VL160 40 kA VL250 40 kA VL250 40 kA VL400 45 kA

TM / ETU TM / ETU TM / ETU TM / ETU 160A 200A 250A 315A

VF100 VL160x VL160x VL160 VL250 VL250 VL400 VL400 VL630 VL800

TM TM TM TM / ETU TM / ETU TM / ETU TM / ETU TM / ETU TM / ETU ETU

18 kA 40 kA 70 kA 40 kA 70 kA 40 kA 70 kA 40 kA 70 kA 40 kA 70 kA 45 kA 70 kA 45 kA 70 kA 45 kA 70 kA 50 kA 70 kA

100A 100A 100A 160A 160A 160A 160A 200A 200A 250A 250A 315A 315A 400A 400A 630A 630A 800A 800A 40 kA 50 kA 40 kA 50 kA 45 kA 50 kA 45 kA 50 kA 45 kA 50 kA 50 kA 50 kA 40 kA 70 kA 70 kA 45 kA 70 kA 45 kA 70 kA 50 kA 70 kA 45 kA 70 kA 45 kA 70 kA 50 kA 70 kA 45 kA 70 kA 45 kA 70 kA 50 kA 70 kA 50 kA 70 kA 50 kA 70 kA 50 kA 70 kA 50 kA 70 kA 50 kA 70 kA
Folienthema/Folie 13/Jahreszahl

45 kA

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Basics of Low Voltage System & Circuit Breakers

What is Discrimination ?
Discrimination implies that the protective devices closest to the point of fault will operate in the quickest possible manner to avoid any wide spread shut down.

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June 04

Folienthema/Folie 14/Jahreszahl

Basics of Low Voltage System & Circuit Breakers

What is Discrimination ?

3VL, 630 A ,45 kA

Isc = 40 kA

VF100, 100A, 18 kA Isc = 35 kA A&D / BD-CD June 04

Folienthema/Folie 15/Jahreszahl

VL160X, 100A, 40 kA

Basics of Low Voltage System & Circuit Breakers

Types of Discrimination
1. Current based 2. Time based 3. Energy based 4. Logic based (ZSI)
Folienthema/Folie 16/Jahreszahl

1. Partial Discrimination 2. Total Discrimination

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June 04

Basics of Low Voltage System & Circuit Breakers

Discrimination Chart

Upstream MCCB frame

Br.Cap. (Icu) 5SX4 10 kA Release Ratings TM upto 20A 3.8 kA 10 kA 10 kA 10 kA 10 kA 10 kA 10 kA 10 kA 10 kA 10 kA 10 kA 10 kA 10 kA 10 kA 10 kA 10 kA 10 kA 5SX4 10 kA TM 25 / 32A 3.0 kA 9.1 kA 9.1 kA 9.1 kA 9.1 kA 10 kA 10 kA 10 kA 10 kA 10 kA 10 kA 10 kA 10 kA 10 kA 10 kA 10 kA 10 kA 5SX4 10 kA TM 40 - 63A 2.1 kA 4.8 kA 4.8 kA 4.8 kA 4.8 kA 6.5 kA 6.5 kA 6.5 kA 6.5 kA 10 kA 10 kA 10 kA 10 kA 10 kA 10 kA 10 kA 10 kA

Downstream MCB / MCCB frame VF100 18 kA TM 100A VL160x 40 kA TM 100A VL160x 40 kA TM 160A VL250 40 kA VL250 40 kA

TM / ETU TM / ETU 200A 250A

VF100 VL160x VL160x VL250 VL250 VL400 VL400 VL630 VL800

TM TM TM TM / ETU TM / ETU TM / ETU TM / ETU TM / ETU ETU

18 kA 40 kA 70 kA 40 kA 70 kA 40 kA 70 kA 40 kA 70 kA 45 kA 70 kA 45 kA 70 kA 45 kA 70 kA 50 kA 70 kA

100A 100A 100A 160A 160A 200A 200A 250A 250A 315A 315A 400A 400A 630A 630A 800A 800A

12 kA 12 kA 18 kA 18 kA 18 kA 18 kA 18 kA 18 kA 18 kA 18 kA 18 kA 18 kA 18 kA 18 kA 25 kA 25 kA 25 kA 25 kA 40 kA 40 kA 40 kA 40 kA 40 kA 40 kA 40 kA 40 kA 25 kA 25 kA 40 kA 40 kA 40 kA 40 kA 40 kA 40 kA 40 kA 40 kA 32 kA 32 kA 32 kA 32 kA 40 kA 40 kA 40 kA 40 kA 26 kA 26 kA 26 kA 40 kA 40 kA 40 kA 40 kA
Folienthema/Folie 17/Jahreszahl

26 kA

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