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Asthma
Definition
COPD
a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways in which many cells and cellular elements play a role. The chronic inflammation is associated with airway hyperresponsiveness that leads to recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness and coughing, particularly at night or in the early morning
a preventable and treatable disease state characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. The airflow limitation is usually progressive and is associated with an abnormal inflammatory response in the lungs to noxious particles or gases, primarily caused by cigarette smoking. Although COPD affects the lungs, it also produces significant systemic consequences
These episodes are usually associated with widespread, but variable, airflow obstruction within the lung that is often reversible either spontaneously or with treatment.
Pathogenesis of asthma
Pathogenesis of COPD
Noxious Particles and Gases
Host Factors
Antioxidants
Lung Inflammation
Antiproteinases
Oxidative Stress
Proteinases
COPD Pathology
Asthma
Sensitizing agent
COPD
Onset
Noxious agent
Inflammatory cells
Reversible
Airflow limitation
Asthma
Risk factors
COPD
Smoking.
Air pollution:(indoor and outdoor). Recurrent respiratory tract infections
Trigger factors:
Mild COPD: no abnormal signs, smokers cough,little or no breathlessness Moderate with/without COPD: breathlessness cough
wheezing,
with/without sputum Severe COPD: breathlessness on any exertion/at rest, wheeze and cough
ASTHMA
Onset early in life (often
childhood)
Symptoms slowly
progressive
Diagnosis
History examination spirometry Chest x ray Others
Asthma treatment
Goals of Asthma Management
control
Asthma in pregnancy
No anti asthmatic drugs are contraindicated in pregnancy All anti asthmatic drugs are safe during pregnancy and lactation
COPD treatment
reduce COPD symptoms. reduce the frequency and severity of exacerbations. and improve health status and exercise tolerance.
10%
Wheezy bronchitis
19