Grid, Load Despatch and IEGC

Prepared by: Harit Puri Kuldeep Nitesh Gupta Mahesh shringi

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What

An electrical grid is an G interconnected network for R is an electric grid delivering I electricity from D suppliers to consumers.

NLDC/RLDC Generation

Government

Transmission

Distribution

Users Traders

Regulators

Merit Order Dispatch Load Shedding Reduction

Better Utilization of Generating Assets

DEMAND Manageme nt

Advanta ges of Power GRID ?

Frequency Improveme nt

Load Supplied
GRID REGION MAXIMUM LOAD SUPPLIED (15.2.2013) 31625 MW

Northern Region Eastern Region Western Region Southern Region Northeaster n Region

13980MW

36161MW

28981MW

1593MW

Western Grid: It Comprises of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Goa, Daman & Diu, Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Chhattisgarh.

Eastern Grid: It Comprises of Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Sikkim and Orissa

Southern Grid: It Comprises of Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Pondicherry and Kerala.

Northern Grid:

It Comprises of Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab and Jammu & Kashmir.

North- Eastern Grid:

It Comprises of Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram and Tripura.

Indian National Grid

INSTALLED CAPACITY 210.9GW

N.E.W. GRID Vs SR GRID FREQUENCY PLOT FOR 15-feb-2013

51.0

50.5

50.0 Freuency in Hz --> 49.5

49.0

48.5

48.0 40937.00138888888640937.17222222222340937.34305555555340937.513888888891 40937.68472222222 40937.855555555587 Time -->

NEW GRID FREQ SR GRID FREQ

ADVANTAGES

Enable transfer of power from power surplus regions to deficit regions.

Enable optimal development and utilisation of coal and hydro resources, in the overall interest of the nation.

Improve economy, reliability and quality of power supply.

DISADVANTA GES
In case of any major disturbance whole Grid may get collapsed resulting in total blackout in the country.

Monitoring of Grid discipline will become more complex.

Inter Regional links 1200 MW 500 MW 500 MW

500 MW 1000MW 2000MW

Present IR Capacity = 8,500 MW By the year 2012 = 30,000 MW

Introduction to IEGC

Introduction to IEGC
The Indian Electricity Grid Code (IEGC) lays down
Rules, guidelines and standards to be followed by the various agencies and participants in the system to plan, develop, maintain and operate the power system, in the most efficient, reliable, economic and secure manner, while facilitating healthy competition in the generation and supply of electricity. Role of Statutory bodies- CEA, CTU, RPC,

 June2006, September 2008, March 2009, March 2012 Draft issued by CERC-June 2005, enforced from 1st April 2006 Issued on 22nd Feb 02, enforced w.e.f 01st April 2002 Enforced w.e.f 01st Feb 2000

First revision by IEGC review panel

Approved by CERC in Jan 2000 after public hearing

Fourth revision (Regulation 2012) Second revision (Regulation 2006) Amendments

In force from 2nd April,2012

Evolution of IEGC

First draft prepared by POWERGRID as CTU in Mar-99

Special Scheduling Provision for Renewable Energy (IEGC 2010)

For new wind energy plants, the new code stipulates that all fluctuations within 30% of schedule will be borne by interstate grid. The new grid code allows the new wind energy generators to fine-tune their schedules (based on forecasting) to as close as three hours before actual generation.

Role of Regulators (CERC / SERCs)

Electricity Act 2003
Section 79 subsection (1) clause (h) The Central Commission shall discharge the following functions (a) (h) To specify Grid Code having regard to Grid Standards Section 86 subsection (1) clause (h) The State Commission shall discharge the following functions (a) (h) Specify State Grid Code consistent with the Grid Code specified under clause (h) of subsection (1) of section 79

Objective
Documentation of the principles and procedures which define the relationship between the various Users of the InterState Transmission System (ISTS), as well as the Regional and State Load Despatch Centres.

Facilitation of the operation, maintenance, development and planning of economic and reliable National / Regional Grid. Facilitation for beneficial trading of electricity by defining a common basis of operation of the ISTS, applicable to all the Users of the ISTS.

Scope
Applies to DVC
All parties that connect with and / or utilize the ISTS Treatment similar to SEB

BBMB / SSP
Treated as intra-state generating stations

Structure of IEGC (1)

Role of various Organizations and their linkages Planning Code for inter-state transmission Connection conditions
Procedure for connection to the ISTS Site responsibility schedule

Operating Code for Regional Grids

Operating Policy System Security Aspects Demand Estimation for operational purposes Demand Management Periodic Report Recovery Procedures Event Information

Structure of IEGC (2)

Operating Code for Regional Grids

Operating Code (1)

Operating Code (2)

Fault Clearance time & Voltage limits as per CERC

Nominal System Voltage ( kV) 400 220 132 110 66 Fault Clearing Time (milli-second) 100 160 160 160 300 Vpf (kV) 360.00 200.00 120.00 96.25 60.00 Vf (kV) 60.0 33.0 19.8 16.5 9.9

Here Vf= 15% of nominal voltage, Vpf= 80% of nominal voltage Source: CERC INDIA

Operating Code (3)

Management of Indian Electricity Grid Code

Few examples of grid indiscipline

Few examples of grid indiscipline

How is IEGC enforced?

Role of Various Organizations

ROLE OF VARIOUS ORGANIZATIONS AND THEIR LINKAGES

National Load Despatch Center

Functions of NLDC

Role of RLDCs

The Regional Load Despatch Centre shall-

Few Exclusive Functions Of RLDC

State Load Despatch Center (SLDC)

Under Section 33 of E-Act 2003

Day-ahead resource scheduling process

Time
09:00 10:00 15:00

Availability Declaration Entitlements

Requisition & Bilateral Agreements

18:00

20:00 22:00

I S G S

Injection Schedule Revision if any Final Injection Schedule

R L D C

Drawal Schedule Revision in Requisition Final Drawal Schedule

S L D C

0 to 24 hours

Revisions during Current day

Revisions during Current day

CONTROL ROOM

Control Room of Load Despatch Centre

Functions of Load Despatch Manager & Overview of Smart Grids

POSSIBLE SYSTEM PROBLEMS

UNIT FAILURE LOSS OF GENERATION INSUFFICIENT GENERATION

TRANSFORMER/ LINE FAILURE

BUS ISOLATED

LOSS OF LOAD

SYSTEM COLLAPSE REDUCED NETWORK REDUNDANCY LINE OVERLOAD OR UNSATISFACTORY BUS VOLTAGE

ISLANDING

Duties and Responsibilities of a Load despatch manager in SLDCs and RLDCs

CONTINUED

This Has Resulted Into

Load Dispatch manager as a controller

Overview of Smart Grid

What is Smart Grid?

Need of Smart Grid

Smart Grid Applications

Demand Response and Dynamic Pricing Distributed Generation and Alternate Energy Sources Self-Healing Wide-Area Protection and Islanding Asset Management and On-Line Equipment Monitoring Real-time Simulation and Contingency Analysis Participation in Energy Markets

Shared Information Continuously Optimizing Intelligent Responses!

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Smart Grid Benefits

References
www.cercindia.gov.in www.cea.nic.in www.nldc.in www.srldc.org www.nrldc.org www.sldcguj.com www.powergridindia.com

Querries???