Cyclic mechanics

The principle of cyclicity

Vasil Penchev
Associate Professor, Doctor of Science, Bulgarian Academy of Science
vasildinev@gmail.com http://www.scribd.com/vasil7penchev http://vsil7penchev.wordpress.com

The mutual transformation between mass, energy, time, and quantum information
Notations: Quantities: Q quantum information S entropy E energy t time m mass x distance

quantum information [ ]

S
k

Constants: h Planck G c light speed = = = G gravitational = k Boltzmann

Quantum information in terms of quantum temperature and the Bekenstein bound

= = = = = Here 1 , 2 are the corresponding radiuses of spheres, which can place (2) the energy-momentum and (1) the space-time of the system in question = + ; = ( ) +( )

The transformation in terms of quantum measure

Notations: Quantities: Q quantum information E energy t time m mass x distance

quantum information

Constants: h Planck c light speed = = = G gravitational = k Boltzmann

the axiom of choice, 0 1

Yes

Y I N

A qubit

No,
the Kochen-Specker theorem

Y A N G

A bit

The universe as an infinite cocoon of light = one qubit Minkowski space

The Kochen-Specker theorem stars as Yin

Energymomentum
Space -time

The axiom of choice stars as Yang

Light cone

All the universe can arise trying to divide one single qubit into two distinctive parts, i.e. by means of quantum invariance

Mass at rest as another Janus between the forces in nature

Gravity PseudoRiemannian space

? The Higgs mechanism

Weak interaction

Electromagnetism Minkowski space Groups represented in Hilbert space

Banach space Entanglement

Mass at rest

Strong interaction The Standard Model

How the mass at rest can arise by a mathematical mechanism

The mass at rest Spaceis a definite mass localized in time The Kochena definite space EnergySpecker theorem momendomain Entanglement= tum Quantum m invariance = The mass at rest The axiom of choice

The universe as a cocoon of light

Mass at rest in relativity and wave-particle duality

~ The light cone Minkowski space Relativity

Any qubit in corresponding Hilbert space in its dual space

~
dual space space

The qubit

Hilbert space Wave-particle duality

Wave function as gravitational field and gravitational field as wave function

Infinity
Wave function
Gravitational field

Wholeness

How to compare qubits, or a quantum definition of mass at rest

The qubit Any qubit in = corresponding = = in its dual Hilbert space space > ( = ) &

& ( > ) > ( = )

Mass at rest means entanglement

+ = +

~
dual space space

Hilbert space Wave-particle duality

How the mass at rest can arise by a mathematical mechanism

Mass at rest SpaceEnergyarises if a bigger time EM qubit (domain) momentum The Kochenmust be inserted Specker theorem in a smaller ST Entanglement= qubit (domain) Quantum m invariance = The mass at rest The axiom of choice

The universe as a cocoon of light

Mass at rest and quantum uncertainty: a resistless conflict

At rest means: ( ) & ( ) ( = ) & (. = < )

Consequently, the true notions of rest and quantum uncertainty are inconsistent

Observers
Generalized Internal probability speed External

Mass at rest and quantum uncertainty: a vincible conflict

The = is a power. According to general relativity this is the power of gravitational energy, and to quantum mechanics an additional degree of freedom or uncertainty: Gravitational field with the power p(t) in any point: ( ) Quantum mechanics
quantity

General relativity

The Bekenstein bound as a thermodynamic law for the upper limit of entropy

The necessary and sufficient condition for the above equivalence: = & = (frequency). This means that the upper bound is reached for radiation, and any mass at rest decreases the entropy proportionally to the difference to the upper limit: ~ = Mass at rest represents negentropy information

The Bekenstein bound as a function of two conjugate quantities (e.g. t and E)

= = + , where , =

= , : =
That is the quantum uncertainty () as a rest mass ( )

About the new invariance to the generalized observer

Any internal observer Any external observer The generalized observer as any point or any relation (or even ratio) between any internal and any external observer System

System
System

An(y) external observer An(y) internal Reference frame observer Special & general relativity Quantum mechanics All classical mechanics and science

Cyclicity from the generalized observer

The generalized observer Any external Any internal observer : observer The generalized observer System is (or the process of) the cyclic return of any internal observer into itself as an external observer All physical Any internal Any external laws should be invariant observer observer to that cyclicity, The generalized observer or to the The universe generalized observer

General relativity as the superluminal generalization of special relativity

The curvature in can be represenred as a second speed in . Then the former is to the usual, external observer, and the latter is to an internal one Minkowski space where: means its imaginary region, and its real one. The two ones are isomorphic, and as a pair are isomorphic to two dual Hilbert spaces. Gravitational energy by the energy to an external observer or to an internal one : = = =

Cyclicity as a condition of gravity

A space-time cycle

= + = =

h homebody t traveller S action g - gravity P power E energy

Cyclicity as the foundation of conservation of action

The universe The Newton absolute time and space Simultaneity of all points

Apparatus
Entanglement

Simultaneity of quantum entities

Mathematical and physical uncertainty

Certainty Uncertainty Independence Any Set theory Any set Disjunctive element of sets any set (the axiom of choice) Bound Free Independent Logic variable variable variables Physics (relativity) Quantum mechanics Force
The measured value of a conjugate

Degree of freedom
Any two conjugates

Independent quantities
Independent quantities (not conjugates)

General relativity is entirely a thermodynamic theory!

The laws of thermodynamics The Bekenstein bound

General Relativity

Since the Bekenstein bound is a thermodynamic law, too, a quantum one for the use of = , this implies that the true general relativity is entirely a thermodynamic theory! However if this is so, then which is the statistic ensemble, to which it refers?

To any quantum whole, and first of all, to the universe, represented as a statistic ensemble!

Cycling and motion

Cycle 1 = Phase 1 Cycle 3

The universe

Mechanical motion of a mass point in it Cycle 2 = Phase 2

General relativity is entirely a thermodynamic theory!

The laws of classical thermodynamics The Bekenstein bound A quantum thermodynamic law A quantum whole unorderable in principle

General Relativity

A relevant well-ordered, statistical ensemble: SPACE-TIME

The statistic ensemble of general relativity

The KochenSpecker theorem The axiom of choice SPACE-TIME different energy momentum and rest mass in any point in general

A quantum whole

Quantum information = = Action =

Energy (Mass) Space-Time (Wave Length)

Einsteins emblem: =

The question is:

What is the common fundament of energy and mass? Energy conservation defines the energy as such: The rest mass of a particle can vanish (e.g. transforming into photons), but its energy never! Any other fundament would admit as its violation as another physical entity equivalent to energy and thus to mass?! However that entity has offered a long time ago, and that by Einstein himself and another his famous formula, = , Nobel prized

The statistic ensemble of general relativity

The Bekenstein bound A body with A domain of nonzero mass as space-time as an ideal gas The particular informational of space-time case if = coagulate points = Information Information as a nonzero as pure rest mass energy (photons) = = (a body) < max entropy max entropy The general case: = or - speed of body time,

which is 1 in the particular case above

Reflections on the information equation:

=
The information equation for the Bekenstein bound:

=
The information equation for the light time:

The distinction between energy and rest mass

If one follows a space-time trajectory (world line), then energy corresponds to any moment of time, and rest mass means its (either minimal or average) constant component in time
Energy (mass)

... ... ... ...

Time

Gravitational field as a limit, to which tends the statistical ensemble of an ideal gas
Gravitational field Differential
The laws of classical thermodynamics

representation

An infinitely A back small volume transformation of an ideal gas to the differenThe Bekenstein bound (a quantum law)

tials of mechanical quantities

The rehabilitated aether, or: Gravitational field as aether

The laws of classical thermodynamics Space-time of general relativity

A point under infinitely large magnification momentum pressure The gas into the point energy temperature

A finite volume of an ideal gas

The back transformation The Bekenstein bound (a quantum law)

An additional step consistent with the thermodynamic general relativity

The infinity of ideal field

The universe as a whole A point in it

A finite volume of ideal field

A cyclical structure

The cyclicity of the universe by the cyclicality of gravitational field

D u a l H i l b e r t s p a c e

H i l b e r t

, two successive cycles Light Light The universe Two successive points in it As to the universe, as to any point in it by means of the axiom of choice and the Kochen Specker theorem

The cyclicity of gravitational and of quantum field as the same cyclicity

Quantum mechanics The universe The Standard General Model relativity Strong, Gravity electromagnetic, and weak A point in it interaction

Gravitational and quantum field as an ideal gas and an ideal anti-gas accordingly
D u a l s H p i a l c b e e r t The universe

H i l b e r t

All the space-time A volume of ideal gas or ideal field

PseudoRiemannian space

Gravitational A point in it field Quantum field

Specific gravity as a ratio of qubits

Conjugate B

Quantum uncertainty Gravity as if determines the quantum uncertainty being a ratio of conjugates Conjugate A An ideal gas composed of mass points ( ~ )

is uncertain

Qubits Quantum mechanics

General relativity

The gas constant R of space-time

The axiom of choice needs suitable fundamental constants to act physically: The Boltzmann Avogadros number constant

How much to (or per) how many?

In Paradise: No choice Paradise on earth! An ideal gas (aether) of space-time points: = . On earth: Choices, choices ... Quantum mechanics General relativity

Time as entropy: relic radiation as a fundamental constant or as a variable +Energy (S) flow(S) +Energy (D) flow(D)

= = = . = = Seen inside: Seen outside: Our immense and A black hole expanding universe among many ones determined by determined by the fundamental its physical parameters constants like mass, energy, etc. Horizon

How much should the deceleration of time be?

The ideal gas equation is: = The universe = = ( / )

Any separate point in it

The Supreme Pole (the Chinese Taiji )

= = = = = =

The Einstein and Schrdinger equation: the new cyclic mechanics

The universe Any and all points in it The Great Pole Cyclic mechanics: Conservation of information d(Information) = d(Energy of gravity) Space d(Info)= & Time d(Energy) = 0 Info

Pseudo-Riemannian space-time 0 info The Einstein equation

Schrdingers equation