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Summary of Relay Trip Circuit Design

Relay Trip Circuit Design


Special

Publication of the IEEE PSRC Written by a WG of the Substation Equipment Protection Subcommittee Summary Paper in the conference Proceedings Full document available for downloading from the PSRC web site URL is given in the Summary Paper

Purpose
Document

and share information about electric utility practice in the design of


relay trip circuits associated control and protective functions

Provide

training and reference information for new relay engineers

Subject Areas
Substation Relays Relays

Dc Systems

Tripping a Single Breaker Tripping more than one Breaker Failure Relaying Initiation

Breaker

Transfer

Tripping

Subject Areas, cont.


Pole Trip

Disagreement Tripping
Circuit Monitoring and Supervision Initiation and Cancellation

Reclosing Trip

Circuit Apparatus and References

Bibliography Appendix:

Target Test Results

Substation DC Systems

DC

systems overview

one feeder per breaker vs. tapped feeders relay feeders redundancy

Feeder per Breaker Dc System


+ A UX + A UX + A UX

PR

PR

PR

A+ : C B: A UX : PR: TC: 5 2 a:

C B A U X ILIA RY POW ER C IRC U IT BREA K ER RELA Y A U X ILIA R Y PW R. PRO T EC T IV E RELA Y T RIP C ON T A C T C B T R IP C O IL C B A U X ILIA RY SW IT C H

52a
A+
L IN E 1 C B1

52a
A+
L IN E 2 CB 2

52a
A+

TC

TC

TC

LIN E 3 CB 3

Feeder-per-CB with Relay Feeder


Other PR s

+ AUX-

94 PR

94 PR
A+ : CB: A UX: PR: TC: CB AUXILIA RY POWER CIRCUIT BREA KER RELAY AUX ILIARY POWER PROTECTIVE RELA Y TRIP CONTACT CB TRIP COIL

A+

52a TC

A+

52a TC

52 a: CB AUXILIA RY SWITCH 94 /PR: PROTECTIVE/A UXILIARY TRIPPING RELAY

LINE 1 CB1

LINE 1 CB2

Substation DC Systems
Trip

circuit routing

radial versus loop dc


DC

fault currents and coordination

Radial Dc

PR

PR

PR

A+ : CB: PR:

CB A UXILIARY POWER CIRCUIT BREAKER. PROTECTIVE RELAY TRIP CONTACT TC: CB TRIP COIL 52a: CB A UXILIARY SWITCH

A+

52a TC

A+
LINE 2 CB 2

52a TC

A+
LINE 3 CB 3

52a TC

LINE 1 CB1

NOTE: DC PROTECTI VE DEVICES (FUSE OR CBS) NOT SHOWN

Loop Dc

PR

PR

PR

52 a
A+ A+ : C B AU XIL IAR YP O W E R C B: C IR CU IT BR E AKE R . PR : PR O TE C TIVER E LAY TR IP C O NTAC T TC : C B TR IP C O IL 52a: C B AU XIL IAR YS W ITC H LINE 1 CB1 LINE 2 CB 2

52 a
A+

52 a
A+

TC

TC

TC

LINE 3 CB 3

NOTE: DC PROTECTIVE DEVICES (FUSE OR CBS) NOT SHOWN

Single Breaker Tripping


Direct

Trip
Trip

Indirect

Diodes Auxiliary relays


Dual

breaker trip coils

Direct Trip - Single Breaker


(+ ) TSI G 01 T SI PR-1 PR-2 R

52b 52a

TC -1

(-)

Dual Trip Coils - Single CB

01 T

86 BF

62 Y

PR-1

86 BF R

62X

SR -1

52 b 52 a TC-1 52a
62 X

52a
TC-2 62 Y

Multiple Breaker Tripping


Diodes

versus Auxiliary Relays


of Diodes in Control Circuits of Auxiliary Relays

Application Application Targeting

with Auxiliary Relays

Trip

Testing and Trip Test Switches

Trip two CBs with Diodes


SWITCHBOARD (+ ) BREAKER 52-2 (+ )

SI PR SI RDS

BREAKER 52-1 (+ )

01 T

01 T

TTS 52a
TC
BREAKER 52-2 (-)

TTS 52a
TC
BREAKER 52-1 (-)

Trip two CBs with Aux. Relay


SWITCHBOARD (+ ) BREAKER 52-2 (+ )

SI PR SI RDS

BREA KER 52-1 (+ )

01 T R

94 TTS

94 TTS

01 T R

52-2 a

94

52-1 a 52-1 a

TC
BREAKER 52-2 (-)

52-2 a
SWITCHBOA RD (-)

TC

BREAKER 52-1 (-)

Breaker Failure Relay Initiation


Separation

of Relay Circuits and Breaker Trip Circuits


Breaker Failure Initiation

Maintaining BFI

Auxiliary Relays Auxiliary Switches

Breaker

Transfer Tripping
Transmitter Receiver Direct

Keying

Output Circuits

Transfer Tripping Overreach Transfer Tripping

Permissive

52b

Switch Keying

Pole Disagreement Tripping


Independent

pole tripping
detection

Disagreement Redundant

dc supplies

Pole Disagreement Tripping

Trip Circuit Monitoring


Trip Red

circuit failure areas


light monitoring relays

Monitoring Auxiliary

relay circuit monitoring

Sneak

circuits caused by monitoring

Red Light Trip Circuit Monitor


G 94 R

52b

52a

TRIP COIL

Reclose Initiation and Cancellation


Function Means Pulse

of RI and RC signals

of deriving RI and RC from trips

duration considerations

Reclose Initiation - Shunt

79X

Reclose Initiation - Series

Trip Circuit Apparatus


Characteristics

of trip circuit devices

Auxiliary Relays Target and Seal-in Devices Breaker Trip Coils

Coil Current Interruption


(+ ) VDC 0 TIME VOLTAGE ACROSS COIL

CONTACTS BREAK DOWN CONTACT WITHSTANDS Vs M AX

CONTACT BREAKDOWN VOLTAGE

Trip Circuit Apparatus, cont.

Surge

protection devices

avoiding false trips caused by dc grounds and surge suppression capacitors coil surge suppression devices

Inadvertant Dc Ground Tripping

(+ )

GROUND LIGHT 18 V 3 .2 k Cp 1 0 0 F TYPICA L Cn 1 0 0 F TYPICA L 65 v

F4 PROTECTIV E RELA YS TRIP BUS 65 v F1 52 a 52 TC F5 52 a 52 CC A UX RELA Y F2 F3

3 .2 k ( ) GROUND LIGHT 18 V

Trip Circuit Apparatus, cont.

Switches

in trip circuits

purposes pros and cons trip testing

Summary
Documents

a large body of knowledge about dc trip circuit design that is not available elsewhere Useful in explaining the reasons behind practices to new engineers and in avoiding problems discovered by others Pertains primarily to the pre-microprocessor era, but has useful lessons for the future

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