Seminar

on

BIOSORPTION OF METALS
presented by
LASSIN VARGHESE ROLL NO : 30 S7 , CIVIL ENGG SNGCE

guided by
Lect. PRAVEENA GANGADHARAN CIVIL ENGG DEPT SNGCE

SELECTION OF BIOMASS
1. While choosing the biomass for metal biosorption, its origin is a major factor .

2. Biomass can come from, activated sludge or fermentation waste from industries like those of food, diary and starch .
3. organisms coming from their natural habitats are good sources of biomass. 4. Fast growing organisms that are specifically cultivated for biosorption purposes

TYPES OF BIOMASS

1. Agricultural products 2. Seaweeds 3. Fungi and Yeast 4. Bacteria

SELECTION OF BIOMASS

CASE STUDY:EXPERIMENT WITH ULMUS AND THEIR ASH

PREPARATION OF ULMUS LEAVES

Ulmus leaves were washed with deionized water. Then laid down to be dried in sunlight for 14 days. Dry leaves were then ground with electrical grinder.

1. 2. 3.

4.

After being grounded, the leaf particle were sieved with 60 70 mesh
sieves (0.2 0.3mm)

5.

Then the leaves were dried at 1000C for 24 hours to be constant weight.

Figure :Ulmus Leaves

PREPARATION OF ASHES

1. The Ulmus leaves ash obtained from burning of Ulmus leaves in oven at 5500C for 15 minutes. 2. Dried leaves were stored in desiccator until used.

PREPARATION OF STOCK SOLUTION

1. By dissolving the cadmium nitrate in the distilled water. 2. The concentration range of cadmium in the solution varied between 2 40 mg/l. 3. For the required PH value diluted and the concentrated H2SO4 and NaOH solution were added.

PROCEDURE

1. The experiment were carried out in the batch system for the measurement of adsorption capacities. 2. Each cadmium solution was placed in 1000 ml. beaker and known amount of adsorbent (1g) were added to each beaker. 3. The beaker were agitated on the jar test equipments at 300 rpm constant mixing rate for 5 300 minutes to ensure equilibrium was reached. 4. After agitating the solution biosorbent, the biosorbent was removed by filtration through 0.45m membrane filter and filters.

5. Using the atomic spectrometry we can analyze the residual cadmium.

Figure : Atomic Spectrometry

CALCULATIONS

Where: qe = adsorbent (leaves) phase concentration after equilibrium, mg adsorbate/g adsorbent Co = initial concentration of adsorbate,mg/L Ce = final equilibrium concentration of adsorbate after absorption has occurred, mg/L V = Volume of liquid in the reactor, L M = mass of adsorbent, g

RESULTS
EFFECT OF CONTACT TIME ON THE REMOVAL OF CADMIUM

Figure 1: Effect of contact time on the removal of Cadmium by ULMUS Leaves and their ash

Effect of PH on the removal of Cadmium

Figure 2: Effect of PH on the removal of Cadmium by Ulmus Leaves and their ash

Effect of Cadmium concentration on the removal

Figure 3: Effect of Cadmium concentration on the removal of Cadmium by Ulmus Leaves and their ash

The effect of other metals on adsorption capacity

Figure 4: The effect of other metals on adsorption capacity

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES 1. Cost effectiveness. 2. High efficiency. 3. Minimization of chemical/biological sludg, 4. And regeneration of biosorbent with possibility of metal recovery. DISADVANTAGES 1. Early saturation of biomass. 2. Little biological control over the characteristics of biosorbents.

CONCLUSION

1. In this case study the removal efficiency of Cadmium was greater than 85% 2. The adsorption of metal ion on tree leaves reached equilibrium in 60 min. 3. pH=6-7 and initial concentration of 2mg/L. 4. Compare ulms leaves and their ash ,ulmus leaves ash is more effective than ulmus leaves 5. Analyzing all the result bisorption is an effective process for the removal of ions

REFERENCES

1. Hima Karnika, Srinivasa Reddy Ronda: Biosorption Anecofriendly alternative for heavy metal removal: Journal of Biotechnology:6.2007, 2924 2931.

2. Nasi R. Bishnoi and Garima: Fungus An alternative for bioremediation of heavy metals containing waste water: Journal of Scientific & Industrial research: 64.2005.93 100
3. Mahvi A.H., Gholami F, Nazmara S: Cadmium Biosorption form waste water by Ulmus Leaves and their Ash:Journal of Scientific Research:23:2008.197 - 203

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