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Diffusion of carbon dioxide in the alveoli Transport of oxygen in the form of oxyhaemoglobin Diffusion of oxygen from the capillaries into the cells
THE HUMAN BREATHING MECHANISM Structure of the human respiratory system The breathing mechanism Air pressure and the process of inhalation and exhalation
RESPIRATION
CELL RESPIRATION What is cell respiration Oxidation of glucose in the body cells
Harmful substances
Effects Disease
b. c.
Structure of the human respiratory system The breathing mechanism Air pressure and the process of inhalation
Organs
Nose Trachea Bronchus Bronchiole Alveoli Intercostal muscles Rib Diaphragm
Structure
Function
Cavity lined with Moistens air moist tissues that passes and fine hairs through and traps dust particles Outer wall lined with rings of cartilage; inner wall lined with epithelium cells with cilia and mucus secreting cells Rings of cartilage prevents trachea from collapsing. Cilia and mucus traps dust and microorganisms
Trachea
Bronchiole
Alveoli
Air sac filled Gaseous with air. exchange takes Surrounded by place here blood capillaries
Rib
Diaphragm
Breathing is the mechanical process which alternately draws and expels air into and out of the lungs. Respiration is the chemical process which takes place in the cells of the body which is also known as cell respiration
Alveolus
Difference
During Inhalation: Intercostal muscle contracts Ribs are raised and chest moves forward Diaphragm flattens Thoracic cavity increases Air pressure in the thoracic cavity decreases and is lower then the atmospheric pressure Air is drawn into the thoracic cavity
Inhalation
During exhalation
Intercostal muscles relaxes and moves the rib downwards and inwards Ribs are lowered and chest moves inwards Diaphragm contracts Thoracic cavity decreases Air pressure in the thoracic cavity is higher than atmospheric pressure Air is exhaled through the thoracic cavity
Exhalation
Y tube represents the bronchus Glass jar represents the rib cage The space in the glass jar represents the thoracic cavity Rubber balloon represents the right and the left lung Rubber sheet represents the diaphragm
Oxygen is transported from the lungs to the cells in the body through the blood. The transfer of oxygen from the lungs to the blood is done by diffusion Diffusion is the movement of gas particles from place to place E.g.: the smell of curry in the kitchen can be detected in the living room
Alveoli is surrounded by blood capillaries During inhalation, fresh air is taken into the alveoli Alveoli has more oxygen than blood capillaries Blood capillaries have more carbon dioxide than alveoli
Oxygen from the alveoli diffuses into the blood capillaries and form oxyhaemoglobin
Carbon dioxide from the blood capillaries diffuses into the alveoli
Alveoli
Alveoli is suitable for diffusion of gases because: Large surface area Moist surface Very thin walls Large numbers in the lungs Richly supplied with blood capillaries
Blood containing oxyhaemoglobin is known as oxygenated blood. Oxyhaemoglobin is transported by the blood in the red blood cells Oxygenated blood is first taken to the heart The heart pumps the oxygenated blood to the entire body cells
The body cells have less oxygen and more carbon dioxide Oxygen diffuses into the body cells and carbon dioxide diffuses into the blood capillaries Oxyhaemoglobin Oxygen + Hemoglobin The blood capillaries now carries deoxygenated blood back to the lung
Energy is required to carry out life processes Energy comes from food Food is oxidised in the body to release energy This process is known as cell respiration Cell respiration takes place in the cells
Nicotine causes addiction Tar sticks to the walls of respiratory system and damages them Carbon Monoxide loss of oxygen carried in the blood Carcinogens causes cancer Irritants corrodes the respiratory system