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Taxonomy
three separate but interrelated disciplines are involved in taxonomy identification characterizing organisms classification arranging into similar groups nomenclature naming organisms
Taxonomy
organizing larger organisms based on morphology is often quite simple:
verses
feathers
verses
fur
Prokaryote Classification
technologies used to characterize and ID prokaryotes microscopic examination culture characteristics biochemical testing nucleic acid analysis combination of the above is most accurate
3 Kingdoms
Classification Systems
classification systems continue to evolve and will change as new information is discovered emerging technology increases the knowledge base of organisms
Click on the icon to enter a virtual lab. After connection, click bacterial identification.
Classification of Viruses
viruses are not included in the 3 Domain classification system viruses are not composed of cells the ecological niche of a virus is the host cell viruses may be more related to their host than to other viruses though not included in the 3 domain system, classification of animal viruses is currently based on genome structure single, double, DNA, RNA??? virus particle structure isometric, helical, pleomorphic??? presence or absence of viral envelope
Nomenclature
organisms must have a Latin suffix name is italicized or underlined all organisms have a binomial name 1st part of the binomial name is genus group of closely related species Canus 1st letter capitalized 2nd part or the binomial name is the species epithet written in all lower case latrans lupus familiaris
Nomenclature
species name include both genus and species epithet can abbreviate Canus letrans - coyote C. lupus - wolf C. familiaris - dog
C. lupus
Canus letrans
C. familiaris
yeast cells
Gram stain distinguishes between Gram + and Gram bacteria narrows the possibilities quickly
Gram negative
Capsule staining
E. coli
MacConkey agar, differential for lactose fermentation and selective for Gram rods.
Urine sample swabbed on MacConkey agar results in the formation of pink colonies. E. coli, the most common causative agent for urinary tract infections, ferments lactose and is a Gram - rod
Enterotube, with each compartment containing a different type of selective or differential media. A metal rod touches the colony of bacteria and as it is withdrawn, it inoculates all of the media
DNA extraction