MODELING OF PV WIND HYBRID STAND-ALONE SYSTEM USING MATLAB/SIMULINK FOR POWER QUALITY ANALYSIS

HARSHVARDHAN 2009B2A3670G

PROJECT GUIDE: C.B.K. Moorthy

Actively Involved In teaching and research at Electrical and Electronics Department in BITS Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus. Key Research Area: Power quality analysis and clean energy.

Abstract
A photovoltaic array (PVA) and Wind Mill simulation model to be used in Matlab-Simulink GUI environment is developed and presented in this paper. Wind turbine and generator, PV array, DC-DC converter, battery, inverter and load are implemented using blocks from Simulink simscape and simpower systems library. The new model built was tested against the manufacturers specification for verification. The complete system consists of a pv array, a wind energy generation block constituting the charging model and a discharging model to simulate the energy consumption by converting the DC power to AC power. The objective of paper for simulation study of harmonics for PVA as well as Wind Mill is achieved and conclusions are drawn This way this paper is combining two important trend of power industry: Renewable Energy and Harmonics.

Introduction
Conventional power system is facing the problems of gradual depletion of fossil fuel resources, poor energy efficiency and environmental pollution. Global warming is becoming a hot topic. Physical proximity of load and source also reduces the transmission and distribution losses. High levels of harmonic distortion can cause such effects as increased transformer, capacitor, motor or generator heating. Harmonics can cause incorrect readings on meters, misoperation of protective relays, interference with telephone circuits. Thus, our study is combining two important trends of Power Industry.

Methodology
1
Literature Survey Modeling Tools Study of MATLAB-Simulink Modeling

Verification of Models Results And Conclusions

WHY MICROGRID?
Depletion of fossil fuels. Decentralized production. No impact on grid failure. Abundant. Clean. Sustainable. Reducing transmission loss.

MEASURING HARMONIC DISTORTION

i(t) = v(t) =
=1 cos( + ) =1 ( + )
2 =2

THDv = THDI =

1
2 =2

SOURCES OF HARMONICS
Traditional (Classical) types: Transformers Rotating machines Arc furnaces Modern (Power Electronics) types: Fluorescent lamps Rectifiers Inverters

MICROGRID: EXAMPLE

PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE

SOLAR CELL

I = output current (ampere) IL = photo generated current (ampere) ID = diode current (ampere) ISH = shunt current (ampere).

PVA Voltage and SOC

DC to DC Converter
It is DC to DC converter which operates by taking DC input from PV module, and changes it back to a different DC voltage and current. To exactly match the PV module to the battery. It helps in protection from over charging. = 1

Verification
Manufacturers data Maximum Power Number of Cell 75 watts 36 Observed data 70.32 watts 36

Maximum Power Voltage

Maximum Power Current Open Circuit Voltage Short Circuit Current

17.2 V
4.36 A 21.6 V 4.7 A

16.98 V
4.14 A 20.89 V 4.4 A

DC to DC Converter

LEAD ACID BATTERY

Pb + 2H2SO4 + PbO2 <====== PbSO4 + 2H2O + PbSO4

INVERTERS
Square wave or modified sine wave Sine wave Grid-Tied

INVERTERS

WIND MILL

Results

SOC in transient phase in windmill

Current in transient phase in windmill

Decreasing SOC of the battery for some transient time until the speed of generator is enough to feed power to the battery

Results

SOC in steady state of Wind Mill

Voltage in steady phase in windmill

Results

Voltage at Inverters output after filter

SOC during discharging phase

Results
0.018 0.016 0.014 0.012 0.01 0.008 0.006 0.004 0.002 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Harmonic Order in discharging phase Odd Harmonics prominent

REFERENCES
[1] Website of Electrical Construction and Maintenance: www. ecmweb.com [2] Power System Harmonics George J. Wakileh [3] A Reference Guide to Causes, Effects and Corrective Measures by Rockwell Automation. [4] Microgrids and Active Distribution Networks S. Chowdhury, S.P. Chowdhury and P. Crossley [5] E. Muljadi and H.E. McKenna, Power Quality Issues in Hybrid Power System, IEEE , 2001 [6] A. U. Brito, M. A. B. Galhardo, W. N. Macedo, J. T. Pinho POWER QUALITY ANALYSIS OF A SMALL PVWIND-DIESEL HYBRID SYSTEM IN THE COUNTRYSIDE OF THE STATE OF PAR-BRAZIL, 2004 [7] Lafsah Mat Daud , S.A Ghani and Noor Zirwatul Ahlam Naharuddin, Simulation Study Using SIMULINK/MATLAB on THD for PV Grid Connected System [8] Hugh Rudnick,Juan Dixon and Luis Morn Delivering Clean and Pure Power, IEEE, 2003 [9] Seul-Ki Kim, Eung-Sang Kim and Jong-Bo Ahn Modeling and Control of a Grid-connected Wind/PV Hybrid Generation System, IEEE, 2006 [10] Sheikh Mominul Islam, M. Tariq Iqbal, John E. Quaicoe Voltage Fluctuations in a Remote WindDiesel Hybrid Power System, IEEE, 2008 [11] http://www.wholesalesolar.com/Windy/MPPT-article.html [12] http://web.mit.edu/ [13] MATLAB Help. [14] http://www.batteryweb.com/manuals/techman.pdf