Professional Documents
Culture Documents
oceans and land masses is approximately 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year. In 2002, this was more energy in one hour than the world used in one year. Photosynthesis captures approximately 3,000 EJ per year in biomass. The amount of solar energy reaching the surface of the planet is so vast that in one year it is about twice as much as will ever be obtained from all of the Earth's nonrenewable resources of coal, oil, natural gas, and mined uranium combined.
broad streams: Thermal requirements: These include all the process heating applications in industries like electroplating, coating, dairy, pharmaceutical, paint-shops etc. Electrical requirements: These can include all lighting loads in the common areas, street lighting, office equipments etc.
into Thermal Energy. Solar Concentrators are devices which concentrate the energy falling over a large surface onto a smaller surface. This leads to higher temperatures which can be used for a range of applications.
operate from room temperature to 80-85 degree centigrade. These include systems for : Boiler feed pre-heating, drying, heating of chemical baths, textiles etc. The basic solar device used for these systems are the water heating collectors, namely the Flat Plate Collector and the Evacuated Tube Collector. Drying systems utilise the Air-heating collectors. Drying systems can also be used for Effluent Evaporation.
degree centigrade. These include: A. Chemical industries. B. Dairy applications. C. Textile industries. D. Pharmaceutical industries. E. Food processing. F. Cooling requirements (VAM based air-conditioning) to name a few.
use of Solar Concentrators. Solar Concentrators are devices through which high concentration of the Suns rays is achieved resulting in high temperatures. Solar Concentrators are also categorised as medium temperature concentrators and high temperature concentrators.
that are best suited for applications in the medium temperature range. e.g. Scheffler Concentrator.
which has a fixed focus and which tracks independent of the receiver. Temperature range: Suitable for applications upto 160180 degree centigrade. Ideal Applications: All processes which have requirements of temperature and pressure upto 180 degree centigrade and 10 kg/cm2. Solar Kitchen is a very popular application of the Scheffler Concentrator.
for cooking. These can be converted to Solar Kitchens thus reducing the LPG consumption upto 50%.
centigrade. The concentrators required for these applications are the Parabolic Trough Collectors (PTCs) and the ARUN paraboloid dish. These Concentrators are capable of producing very high temperatures and pressures and are best suited to cater to this segment.
renewable energies. Ever increasing costs of fuel. Ever increasing pollution due to combustion of fossil fuels. Solar energy equipment can be easily incorporated in the existing process. Existing heating system can be used as backup for inclement weather conditions.
20 million tonnes of oil/year saved = Rs. 80K crore/year. High temperature applications: 35 million tonnes of oil/year saved = Rs. 140K crore/year.
systems are as follows: Low temperature: 1.5-2 years. Medium temperature: 2.5-3.5 years. High temperature: 3.5-5 years.
Thank You!!!