TILE FLOORING

MANISHI AGGARWAL A/1571/2002 SHARBANI GHOSH A/1599/2002

TILES ARE ONE OF THE MOST WIDELY USED FLOOR COVERINGS

THEY ARE SIMPLE TO INSTALL, REQUIRE LESS LABOUR AND ARE EASILY TRANSPORTED FLOORING TILES CAN BROADLY BE CLASSIFIED INTO THREE CATEGORIES: TERRAZZO TILES

GLAZED TILES
CHEQUERED TILES

BRICK TILES

APPLICATION METHODS

G E T S T T I A N R G T E D

TOOL AND MATERIAL CHECKLIST

Chalk Plane Chalk Line Mastic Mastic Trowel

Cement

Sandpape Steel Square r

Ordinary Scissors

Brush

Level

Scraper

Tape or Folding Rule

Hand Cleaner

PREPARE THE BASE FLOOR

remove all wax, grease or oil with a good, environmentally safe chemical or cleaner. Next, plane down high spots and renail any loose boards on wood floors .Any rough spots will gradually show through the floor tiles and may ruin the appearance. If the original floor is in poor condition, it may be necessary to cover it with sturdy plywood or untempered hardboard.

START FROM THE EXACT CENTER OF THE ROOM

The first run of floor tile should be started from the exact center of the floor, so use these steps to locate the center of the room: Locate the exact center on each wall and mark that center spot. In rooms with offsets or irregularities, ignore the irregularities in the measuring process . Hold a chalk line at the center position on facing walls, as marked and snap it on the floor. The exact center will be marked at the point where the two lines cross.

Start at the center point and lay loose tiles along marked lines from center, as shown. This procedure provides an opportunity to make adjustments if the center is not correctly marked. After a full run of loose tiles has been laid along the chalk lines toward each wall measure the remaining distance between the edge of the last tile and the wall on each run.. If the distance between the last tile and the wall is less than two inches or more than eight inches, you will end up with an extremely narrow cut of tile. To correct, adjust the center line that is parallel to the wall by 4 1/2" (half a tile) closer to the wall and remark

MAKE A FINAL CHECK WITH A LOOSE TILE

PREPARE THE PLAN FOR TILE APPLICATI

Open all cartons of tiles that are to be used. Conveniently arrange them so you select tiles out of each carton on an alternating basis. Next, study the tile patterns and plan your laying pattern. For tiles of varying colors, plan your design carefully before applying the first tile .This will influence your selection of starting tiles.

APPLY THE TILE The next step is applying the adhesive CEMENT for the tile.
Begin by spreading an even coat of adhesive over one-fourth of the floor. Most adhesives are applied with a notched trowel but some are still applied with a brush or roller. In most cases, floor tile cement will dry to the proper consistency in about 15 minutes. However, your exact time may vary depending on humidity, temperature, etc., in the room where you are applying the tile. After about 15 minutes, place your thumb onto the cement The cement should feel tacky but should not actually stick to your thumb. If it does stick, allow a little longer for proper drying. When tacky but not sticky, the cement is

LAY THE FLOOR TILES

It is important that the first tile is exactly square with the lines. If the first tile is started wrong, all other tiles will also line up incorrectly. Be sure each tile is butted firmly against the previous one, leaving no gaps. Do not attempt to slide tiles into place. Lay each tile firmly into position on the cement. Proceed by laying tiles alternately, according to your plan, toward each wall .This helps to counteract expansion and contraction of the tiles while enhancing the

To cut the border tile easily and accurately, place a loose tile squarely over the last field tile in the row. Then take another tile, butt it against the wall and mark. Cut the tile along the marked line using ordinary scissors. In a cold room, you should warm tiles slightly before cutting. The cut tile will now fit securely into the border space. Be sure this tile is placed faceup and at right angles to the grain of the tile below it. This ensures the correct pattern when it is laid.

When it becomes necessary to fit tiles around pipes or other obstructions, simply cut a paper pattern that fits around such obstructions and trace the pattern on the tiles. Then cut with ordinary scissors and place around obstruction. You may want to consider adding a vinyl cove base of matching or contrasting color to add to the appearance

TILE FITTING FOR A CLOSET

cut out a piece of 1/2" tile to fit in the closet, and test the fit before mixing any mortar.
clean the floor and paint it with oilbased primer.

apply a layer of thin set mortar to the floor, using the smooth edge of the trowel to force the mud into the cracks in the floorboards.
Using the notched side of the trowel (1/4" x 1/4" square notches) comb the mortar into a series of ridges.

lay the cement board into place, which will be sort of difficult because there would be some obstructions around on the walls.

After putting the cement board into place you may step on it to press it into the mortar.

drive in some cement-board screws. Some people use roofing nails to install cement-board but make sure that you hit the floor joists. In this case the 1" screws aren't long enough to reach the floor joists, since the flooring is 7/8" thick and the cement board is 1/2". place the screws about 8"

At the seam apply a strip of fiberglass mesh tape (red arrow).

The completed cement board, ready for ceramic tile.

spread some thin set mortar on the cement board, be careful not to obscure the chalk line. First use the smooth edge to squeeze the mortar into the rough surface.

Then use the notched side to comb out the mortar. The ridges are necessary to give you the ability to push the tile down into the mortar. Otherwise the mortar would ooze out

lay a couple of tiles against the spacers, and add more spacers as you progress. These spacers act as a reliable guide, keeping the gap uniform and keeping the tiles aligned. These are 3/16" spacers that I'm using. Any size of spacer can be used, depending on the desired look.

start laying the tiles aligned to any one end.

After about 20 minutes lay all of the full-sized tiles. use a permanent marker to lay out the cuts on the partial tiles.

spray a little mist on the wet mortar, to discourage it from skinning over.

Cut the tile using a tile saw.

It comes with a 4" diamond blade

Now set the cut tiles in place.

scrape off the excess mortar that has slopped on the walls. wipe the walls with a damp

After the mortar has begun to set (about an hour after laying the tile) use a small screwdriver to scrape out the mortar where it has oozed up between tiles.

The finished tile job, before applying grout.

MANDATORY TESTING
MATERIA L
1 TERRAZ O TILES

CLAUS E
2 11.11.1 11.12.1

TEST

FIELD/L AB TEST
4 IS: 12371980 LAB

TEST PROC.
5 IS: 12371980

MIN. QTY. MATERIAL

6 5000(NO TESTING NEEDED IF TOTAL NO. OF ALL TYPES OF ALL SIZES FROM ALL MFRS. USED IN WORK <5000.)

FREQUENCY

3 1.TRANSV ERSE STRENGT H 2. WATER ABSORP. 3. ABRASIO N.

7 ONE TEST/10000 OR PATH THEREOF FOR EACH TYPE AND SIZE FROM SINGLE MFR. (ONE TEST TO BE DONE EVEN IF NO. FROM A SINGLE MFR. <50000 PROVIDED THE TOTAL NO. OF TILES USED IN A WORK EXCEED 5000. 3000 OR PART THEREOF

WHITE GLAZED TILES

11.15.1 11.16.1

WATER AB CRAZING IMPACT

LAB

IS: 7771988

3000

TERRAZO TILE FLOORING

SHOULD GENERALLY CONFORM TO IS: 1237-1980. SIZE OF TILES AS INDICATED IN THE TABLE OR AS SHOWN IN DRWGS. OR AS REQ. BY ENGINEER.

LENGTH NOMINAL 200 MM 250 MM 300 MM

WIDTH NOMINAL THICKNESS NOT LESS THAN.. 200 MM 250 MM 300 MM 20 MM 22 MM 25 MM

TOLERANCE
TOLERANCE ON LENGTH AND WIDTH SHALL BE + 1 MM. ON THICKNESS SHALL BE + 5 MM. RANGE OF DIMENSIONS IN ANY ONE DELIVERY SHALL NOT EXCEED 1 MM ON LENGTH AND WIDTH AND 3 MM ON THICKNESS.

RATE
RATE SHALL INCLUDE THE COST OF ALL MATERIALS AND LABOUR INVOLVED IN ALL THE OPERATIONS.

WHERE CEMENT MORTAR BEDDING IS USED IN PLACE OF LIME MORTAR THE RATE WILL BE ADJUSTED ACCORDINGLY.

MEASUREMENTS
TILES MFD. FROM ORDINARY GREY CEMENT WITHOUT PIGMENT AND COLORED TERRAZO TILE SHALL BE MEASURED SEPARATELY AND CLASSIFIED AS IN CLAUSE 11.8.5. TERRAZO TILES SHALL BE MEASURED AS LAYED PER SQ. M. NO DEDUCTION SHALL BE MADE NOR EXTRA PAID FOR VOIDS NOT EXCEEDING 0.2 SQM. NOTHING EXTRA SHALL BE PAID FOR USE OF CUT TILES NOR FOR LAYING FLOOR AT DIFFERENT LEVEL IN SAME ROOM OR COURTYARD.

GLAZED TILE FLOORING

SHOULD GENERALLY CONFORM TO IS: 777-1988 SIZE OF TILES AS INDICATED IN THE TABLE OR AS SHOWN IN DRWGS. OR AS REQ. BY ENGINEER.

LENGTH NOMINAL 150 MM 100 MM 100 MM

WIDTH NOMINAL THICKNESS NOT LESS THAN.. 150 MM 100 MM 200 MM 5-6 MM 5-6 MM 25 MM

MEASUREMENT LENGTH SHALL BE MEASURED CORRECT TO 0.1 MM.

TOLERANCE ON THICKNESS SHALL BE + O.4 MM. WHERE TILES OF NOMINAL SIZES OF 150 X 150 OR 100 X 100 ARE NOT AVAILABLE , TILES OF NOMINAL SIZES 152 X 152 OR 108 X 108 MAY BE ALLOWED. ACTUAL SIZE OF TILE SUPPLIED SHALL BE 1 MM LESS SO THAT WITH 1 MM JOINT THE TILE WHEN LAID SHALL CONFORM TO THE NOMINAL SIZE. TOP SURFACE OF TILES SHALL BE GLAZED(GLOSSY OR MATT) AS SPECIFIED. UNDERSIDE SHALL NOT HAVE GLAZED MORE THAN 5 % OF AREA. EDGES BE PREFERABLY FREE FROM GLAZE OR ONLY UPTO 50% OF SURFACE

COLOURED TILES
ONLY THE GLAZE SHALL BE COLOURED. SIZES AND SPECIFICATIONS SHALL BE THE SAME AS FOR WHITE GLAZED TILES.

DECORATIVE THE SIZE OF THESE TILES SHALL TILES

BE 152 X 152 X 6 MM OR 108 X 108 X 6 MM

RATE
RATE SHALL INCLUDE THE COST OF ALL MATERIALS AND LABOUR INVOLVED IN ALL THE OPERATIONS. NOTHING EXTRA SHALL BE PAID FOR THE USE OF CUT TILES IN THE WORK EXTRA OVER AND ABOVE THE NORMAL RATES FOR WHITE TILES SHALL BE PAID WHERE COLOURED OR ANY OTHER TILE OF DECORATIVE TILES HAVE BEEN USED.

END OF SLIDE SHOW.

APPLAUSE!!!