NON ELEKTROLIT

QUESTION & ANSWER

KELOMPOK : 3 NAMA : APRIANTI INDRA LESTARI HARISYA MUCHNI HARYANI (012) IBNU DARMAWANTO TRIA YUSSANTI YUSWO SUJANA

NONELECTROLYTES
A nonelectrolyte does not dissociate at all in solution and therefore does not produce any ions. Nonelectrolytes are typically polar covalent substances that do dissolve in water as molecules instead of ions. Sugar (C12H22O11) is a good example of a nonelectrolyte. Nonelectrolytes are substances that dont conduct electricity when in these states.

When an ionic compound such as sodium chloride is put into water, the water molecules attract both the cations and anions in the crystal and pullthem into the solution (see the crystal shown in the figure). The cations and anions getdistributed throughout the solution.

When you place the electrodes in pure water, nothing happens, because theres no conductor between the electrodes. Pure water is a nonconductor. But if you put the electrodes in the NaCl solution, the light bulb lights, because the ions conduct the electricity (carry the electrons) from one electrode to the other.

You dont even need the water. If you were to melt pure NaCl (it requires a lot of heat!) and then place the electrodes in it, youd find that the molten table salt also conducts electricity. In the molten state, the NaCl ions are free to move and carry electrons, just as they are in the saltwater solution.

Two important colligative properties are freezingpoint depression and boiling-point elevation. A dissolved solute lowers the freezing point of the solution. The freezing point of a solution differs from that of the pure solvent according to the following equation, in which tf is the change in freezing point. tf = Kf m is a constant that differs for each solvent. Because the freezing point of the solution is lower than that of the solvent alone, Kf is a negative number. The symbol m represents the molality (moles of solute per kilogram of solvent) of the solution.

Boiling-point elevation works in the same way. The equation to determine the change in boiling point is as follows.

tb = Kbm
Like Kf, Kb is a constant that differs for each solvent. But unlike Kf, Kb is a positive number because the boiling point of the solution is higher than that of the solvent alone.

QUESTION
1. How does that determine if it's a

strong or weak acid, strong or weak base, or neutral? For example: H2SO3 weak electrolyte weak acid NaH2PO4 strong electrolyte weak acid NaC2H3O2 strong electrolyte weak base NaNO3 strong electrolyte neutral NaBr strong electrolyte neutral NaNO2 strong electrolyte weak base

2. One commercial "cold pack" contains 100 mL of water and 30.0 g of NH4NO3. When the inner water container is punctured, the solid dissolves. The heat of solution (Hsoln) for ammonium nitrate is +26.2 kJ/mol. Assuming that the specific heat of the resulting solution is 4.184 J/goC, the density of the water is 1.0 g/mL and the starting temperature of the water is 20.0oC, determine the final temperature reached by the mixture.

3. What is the freezing point of a solution of 210.0 g of glycerol, HOCH2CHOHCH2OH, dissolved in 350. g of water? (mass of solvent 350.0 g ; mass of solute 210.0 g ; molar mass of solute 92.11 g/mol ; molal freezing-point constant for water -1.86C/m)

ANSWER
1. a strong acid or base is mostly a strong electrolyte a weak acid (vinegar) or base is mostly a weak electrolyte unless the weak base / acid has a metal ion, it i a strong electrolyte as it releases all of its electrons strong acids and bases fully ionises, which releases a large amount of free electrons to the water, which allows great electrical conductivity while weak acids and bases partly ionises, which releases only some of its electrons, thus it is less strong of an electrolyte. most soluble salts are strong electrolytes as they dissipate / fully ionizes into an electrolyte as they release all of their electrons into the solution

2. you need to find the amount of energy involved with 30.0 g of ammonium nitrate, not one mole. 30.0 g/(80.0 g/mol) = 0.375 mol 0.375 mol x 26.2 kJ/mol = 9.83 kJ or 9830 J heat = m t s = 9830 J = 130 g x t x 4.184 J/goC t = 18 and so tf = 2oC

3. 350. g H2O x 1 kg = 0.350 kg H2O 1000 g 210.0 g glycerol x 1 mol glycerol x 1 92.11 g glycerol 0.350 kg H2O x -1.86C = -12.1C mol/kg 0C + (-12.1C) = -12.1C

REFERENCES
http://www.edurite.com/kbase/examples-ofnonelectrolytes http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/3 311/3390507/blb0403.html http://go.hrw.com/resources/go_sc/mc/HUG PS184.PDF http://images.pcmac.org/Uploads/Enterprise City/EnterpriseCity/Divisions/DocumentsC ategories/Documents/2b%20%20Electrolyt es.pdf