Heat Treatment of medium carbon steel

Submitted by

SIDDAGANGA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (An autonomous institution under Visvesvaraya technological University, Belgaum) Tumkur - 572 103, Karnataka, India

Project synopsis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the 5th Semester of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

HEAT TREATMENT OF MEDIUM CARBON STEEL

Ajaya kumar v Jabeeulla Madhusudana JM Manjunatha p (1SI10ME132) (1SI11ME408) (1SI11ME411) (1SI11ME412)

Sri. M SHIVASHANKER

M.E M.E, Ph.D

Dr. U S MALLIKARJUN
Prof. & Head Department of Mechanical Engineering S I T, Tumkur

Associate Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering S I T, Tumkur

ABSTRACT
medium carbon steel is easily available and cheap having all material properties that are acceptable for many applications. Heat treatment on medium carbon steel is to improve ductility, to improve toughness, strength, hardness and tensile strength and to relive internal stress developed in the material. Here basically the experiment of harness and ultimate tensile strength is done to get idea about heat treated low carbon steel, which has extensive uses in all industrial and scientific fields

What is Heat Treating ?

Controlled Heating And Cooling of Metal to Change Its Properties and Performance.

Through: Change in Microstructure

Change in Chemistry or Composition

Holding (soak) Temperature

Time

Arvind Thekdi - E3M, Inc.

Sales

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE:
The experimental procedure for the project work can be listed as : Specimen preparation Heat treatment
Hardness measurement

Mechanical property study

Microstructure study

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
The experimental procedure for the project work can be listed as :

Equipments

Specimen preparation

Heat treatment
Hardness measurement Mechanical property study Microstructure study

Composition 0f C-60 steel

C 0.57~0.65
Si 0.17~0.37 Mn 0.50~0.80 S P Cr 0.035 0.035 0.25

Ni 0.25 Cu 0.25

SPECIMEN PREPARATION
The first and foremost job for the experiment is the specimen preparation. The specimen size should be compatible to the machine specifications: We got the sample from medium carbon steel trader. The sample that we got was Medium carbon steel. AISI8620:It is one of the American standard specifications of the mild steel having the pearlitic matrix (up to40%) with relatively less amount of ferrite (30-40%). And so it has high hardness with moderate ductility and high strength as specified below.

STUDY OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES:

in a high hardness number. The hardness value thus obtained was converted into C As the objective of the project is to compare the mechanical properties of various heat treated C-60 specimens, now the specimens were sent to hardness testing

HEAT TREATMENT
medium Carbon Steel are primarily heat treated to create matrix microstructures and associated mechanical properties not readily obtained in the as-cast condition. As-cast matrix microstructures usually consist of ferrite or pearlite objective of the project is to carry out the heat treatment of medium carbon steel and then to compare the mechanical properties. There are various types of quenching processes we had adopted. The specimen was heated to a temperature of 840 deg Celsius At 840 deg Celsius the specimen was held for 40 min The objective of keeping the specimen at 840 deg Celsius for 40 min is to homogenize the specimen

HEAT TREATMENT
medium Carbon Steel are primarily heat treated to create matrix microstructures and associated mechanical properties not readily obtained in the as-cast condition. As-cast matrix microstructures usually consist of ferrite or pearlite objective of the project is to carry out the heat treatment of medium carbon steel and then to compare the mechanical properties. There are various types of quenching processes we had adopted. The specimen was heated to a temperature of 840 deg Celsius At 840 deg Celsius the specimen was held for 40 min The objective of keeping the specimen at 840 deg Celsius for 40 min is to homogenize the specimen.

The temperature 840 deg Celsius lies above Ac1 temperature. So that the specimen at that temperature gets sufficient time to get properly homogenized . The specimen was taken out of the furnace when the furnace temperature had already reached the 840 deg temperature At the very beginning the specimen was heated to the temperature of 840 deg Celsius. Then the furnace was switched off and the specimen was taken out and quenching in different medium

Furnaces Heat treatment furnace

Different Quenching Medium

water Hot water ice oil Oil with additive

QUENCHING:
The specimen was heated to the temp of around 840 deg Celsius and were allowed to homogenize at that temp for 40 min. b) An quenching medium was maintained at a constant temperature in which the specimen had to be put. After 40 min the specimen was taken out of the furnace and directly quenched in the different medium like water ,ice ,hot water .oil ,oil with additives. Note down the decreasing temperature in time 1sec,10sec,and 100sec d) After quenching specimen was taken out of the bath and cleaned properly Now the specimen attains the liquid bath temp within few minutes. But the rate of cooling is very fast because the liquid doesnt release heat readily
.

Oil

water

ice

Hot water

 Effect of quenching medium:

Different Quenching Medium & Geometry

Medium Severity of Quench Hot water low oil moderate Water High Oil with additive Moderate ice medium Hardness low moderate High Moderate medium

Effect of geometry:

When surface-to-volume ratio increases: --cooling rate increases --hardness increases

Position center surface Cooling rate medium high Hardness high high
18

QUENCHING for DIFFERENT MEDIA TEMPRATURE W\S TIME

SL.NO 1. QUENCHING MEDIUM WATER TEMPARATURE 186 70 47 2. HOT WATER 624 320 68 3. ICE 525 484 120 4. OIL 190 136 50 5. OIL WITH 247 TIME 1 10 100 1 10 100 1 10 100 1 10 100 1

Quenching Medium Hot water

700

600

Temperature in degree C

500

400

300

200

100

0 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110

Time in Sec

HARDNESS TESTING

Rockwell hardness machine

STEPS FOR HARDENING

Check carbon content of steel it must be above 60% to harden Heat furnace to the upper crictical Temp 800 to 1200 degree c Check treating & carbon graph to determine this value, Allow steel time to completely heat trough out.

HARDNESS TESTING
The heat treated specimens hardness were measured by means of Rockwell hardness tester. The procedure adopted can be listed as follows: First the diamond indenter was inserted in the machine; the load is adjusted to1500kg. Now the major load applied and the depth of indentation is automatically recorded on a dial gage in terms of arbitrary hardness numbers. The dial contains 100 divisions. Each division corresponds to a penetration of .002 mm. The dial is reversed so that a high hardness, which results in small penetration, results in a high hardness number. The hardness value thus obtained was converted into C

ROCKWELL HARD NESS TEST

SL.N O MATERIAL LOAD DIA. OF IN DIAMOND KgS INDENTER TIM E IN SEC. QUENCHING MEDIUM HARDNESS NUMBER 1 1. 2 3 4 C-60 STEEL 1500 5 20 WATER HOT WATER ICE OIL WITH ADDITIVES OIL 2 3 73 70 56 40 73 67 53 45 MEAN

71 74 65 67 50 52 48 47

39 34

39

37

TABULATION FOR HARDNESS TESTING

80 70 60

50
40 30 20 10 0

WATER H0T WATER ICE OIL WITH ADDITIES

OIL

QUENCHING MEDIUM

CONCLUSION:
From the various results obtained during the project work it can be concluded that the mechanical Properties Vary Depending Upon The Various Heat treatment processes and quenching medium. Hence depending upon the properties and applications required we should go for a suitable heat treatment processes. When ductility is the only criteria experiments however it is simply the hardness of the medium carbon steel that is desired than we should go for low temperature 40 min or so. However if strength is also desired along with hardness, this should not be done.

Heat Treatments
800
Austenite (stable)

T(C)

a) Annealing
b) Quenching c) Tempered Martensite
600

A
P

TE

400

Adapted from Fig. 10.22, Callister 7e.

200 b)
10
-1

M+A M+A

0% 50%

a)
10 10
3

90%

time (s)

10

c)
28

THANK YOU