Report on

Dispersion management of optical fiber communication

Submitted To

Md Hasan Rahman Lecturer Department of EEE IBAIS University

Presented by

Titas Kumer Sarker : 510 BSc in EEE IBAIS University

Overview of optical fiber communication

Basic concept of optical Fiber

Optical fiber transmits light pulses can be used for analog or digital transmission voice, computer data, video, etc. An optical fiber have following those :

Core Carries the signal Cladding Glass or plastic with a lower index of refraction than the core Buffer Protects the fiber from damage and moisture Jacket Holds one or more fibers in a cable

Optical Transmitter
Definition: a device that converts electrical signal into optical signal Lasers

Fabry-Perot Lasers (FP) Distributed Feedback Lasers (DFB) Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSEL) ASE fiber laser

Surface-Emitting LED (SLED) Edge-emitting LED (EELED)

Light Emitting Diodes (LED)

Optical Receiver
Definition: convert optical signal into electrical signal Types: p-i-n photo detector: photon-electron converter Avalance photo detector (APD): more sensitive for high speed systems Photo detector parameters: Responsively: the amount of current produced per unit of input optical power Wavelength bandwidth: the bandwidth the PD is sensitive to. Damage threshold: the maximum optical power the PD can take before damage

Advantages of Optical Fiber

Thinner Less Expensive

Higher Carrying Capacity

Less Signal Degradation& Digital Signals Light Signals Non-Flammable Light Weight

Attenuation
Modern fiber material is very pure, but there is still some attenuation The wavelengths used are chosen to avoid absorption bands 850 nm, 1300 nm, and 1550 nm Plastic fiber uses 660 nm LEDs Image from iec.org (Link Ch 2n)

Dispersion
Dispersion is the spreading out of a light pulse as it travels through the fiber Three types:
Material Dispersion Webguide Dispersion Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD)

Material Dispersion
Material dispersion comes from a frequency dependent response of a material of waves.

Input Emitter Very short light pulse

Cl addi ng

v g ( 1 )

v g ( 2 )

Core

Output

Int en sity Spect rum,

Int en sity

Int en sity Spread,

All excit at ion sources are inheren tly non-monochromatic and emit within a sp ect rum, , of wavelengt hs. Waves in t he guide with different free sp ace wavelengt hs t ravel at different grou p velocit ies due to t he wavelengt h d ep endence of n1. T he waves arrive at t he end of t he fiber at different t imes and hence result in a b roadened out p ut p ulse.
1999 S. O. Kasap, Optoelectronics (Prentice Hall)

Waveguide dispersion
For fibers, waveguide dispersion is in the same order of material dispersion. The pulse spread can be well approximated as:

wg

n2 L d 2 (Vb) L Dwg ( ) V D ( ) d c dV 2
wg

d wg

Polarization Mode dispersion

Intens ity t Output light puls e n1 y // y Core Ex Ey z

Ex = Puls e spread

n1 x // x t E Input light puls e

Ey

Suppose that the core refractive index has different values along two orthogonal directions corresponding to electric field oscillation direction (polarizations). We can take x and y axes along these directions. An input light will travel along the fiber with and Ey polarizations having different group velocities and hence arrive at the output at different times
1999 S.O. Kasap, Optoelectronics (Prentice Hall)

Ex

Total Dispersion, zero Dispersion

Fact 1) Minimum distortion at wavelength about 1300 nm for single mode silica fiber. Fact 2) Minimum attenuation is at 1550 nm for sinlge mode silica fiber. Strategy: shifting the zero-dispersion to longer wavelength for minimum attenuation and dispersion.

Differences in speed cause spreading or dispersion of wave packets

Difference between Gaussian theorem and Super Gaussian Theorem

Gaussian Pulse (For 5 Gbps) Super Gausian Pulse ( For 5 Gbps)

Difference between Gaussian theorem and Super Gaussian Theorem

Gaussian Pulse (For 10 Gbps) Super Gausian Pulse(For 10 Gbps)

Differences between Gaussian theorem and Super Gaussian Theorem

Gaussian Pulse (For 20 Gbps) Super Gausian Pulse(For 20 Gbps)

Differences between Gaussian theorem and Super Gaussian Theorem

Gaussian Pulse (For 30 Gbps) Super Gausian Pulse(For 30 Gbps)

Differences between Gaussian theorem and Super Gaussian Theorem

Gaussian Pulse (For 40 Gbps) Super Gausian Pulse(For 40 Gbps)

Conclusion
This concludes our study of Fiber Optics. We have looked at how they work and how they are made. We have examined the transmitter and receiver of fibers, and how fibers are work. Here briefly explained attenuation and dispersion optical fiber. I have also explained Gaussian Pulse and Super Gaussian Pulses. I got a sound knowledge after that research if we use Super Gaussian Pulses dispersion will be reduced. So that we should use Super Gaussian pulse. Although this presentation does not cover all the aspects of optical fiber work it will have equipped you knowledge and skills essential to the fiber optic industry.

Thank you for your kind patience. Have a nice time for all.....

How can I serve you?

Email : titasce@gmail.com.com Skype : titasce