Optical Networks

Presentation on

KOMAL KUMAR J, I-M.TECH (2012-14), ECTM-307 INSTRUTOR: Prof. Mrs. M Padmaja.

VRSEC

WHAT IS AN OPTICAL NETWORK?

All the networks using optical fiber as transmission medium When transmitted signal remains in optical form ,till its arrival at destination

Optical Fiber Communication

Telecommunication networks use various media Twisted pair Coaxial cable Wireless ( infrared, microwave, satellite, radio) Optical fiber

OPTICAL FIBER
Carrier freq of order 10^15 Large BW of order 40 Thz many services Low loss (1.3m and 1.55m) bands

Advantages of Optical fiber

Large bandwidth high capacity Immunity to noise and interference Very low cost per unit bandwidth Easy upgradability using WDM technology Tapping of signal is difficult

TELE COMMUNICATION
Essentially consist of two portions A
Backbone network

Access networks

Access networks Router

Fiber in Communication Networking

Communication: A generic view Transfer of information in various forms - voice, video, and computergenerated documents (data): digitization transforms them into a generic commodity data networks; boundaries diffused Users perception: requests access to a communication service (access network) - last leg of any network Voice and data (web, e-mail, ftp) access through telephone handset Data and voice through applications running on host PC or workstation Video, data and voice on cable TV Different services on separate networks - voice on twisted-pair-based telephones and data on Ethernet Different services on a single network platform ISDN, asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL), wireless access, cable modem, voice-over-IP, etc. Network is hierarchical: access, LAN, MAN, WAN/backbone Optical fiber: With enormous bandwidth, becomes indispensable at all possible levels Gigabit LANs, Broadband access networks, Terabit WANs 7

Optical Networks

Optical Networking with Fibers

Three basic Network Connectivities:
2 1 2 1 3 5 N 4 1 2 3

Point-to-Point

Multipoint

Mesh

Point to-point: Developed in the last three decades for point to point inter office trunks to handle growing telephone traffic. Multipoint: Employed for fiber to home /office, fiber / coax hybrid for video distribution , and local as well as metropolitan area computer networks Mesh: Employed for backbone networks covering wide areas ; WDM along with photonic switching in fiber mesh => Tbps optical WANs for national /continental backbones

Optical Networking with Fibers

Three basic Network Connectivities:
2 1 2 1 3 5 N 4 1 2 3

Point-to-Point

Multipoint

Mesh

Point to-point: Developed in the last three decades for point to point inter office trunks to handle growing telephone traffic. Multipoint: Employed for fiber to home /office, fiber / coax hybrid for video distribution , and local as well as metropolitan area computer networks Mesh: Employed for backbone networks covering wide areas ; WDM along with photonic switching in fiber mesh => Tbps optical WANs for national /continental backbones

OTDM and OCDMA in Optical Networking

TDM in optical transmission: Transmission rates 50 Gbps 100 Gbps Requires special care for dispersion control - Utilizes fiber nonlinearities : Kerr effect Soliton transmission - Dispersion compensation techniques ( 50 Gbps) Optical TDM in networking: Ultrafast transmission Alloptical signal processing for sync and switching Optical CDMA in networking: Special codes needed as a - 1 can not be emulated in IM DD optical systems Requires much faster transmission than in WDM

Network Taxonomy
Possible taxonomies: Service Transmission technology Scale Service: Telecom networks Computer networks Video distribution networks (Cable TV) Broadband access networks diffused boundaries! Transmission technology: Broadcast networks - Wireline : Bus , Ring , Star (copper or fiber) - Wireless : Local Loops , Local Video Distribution Networks (LMDS), Satellite Point to point networks - Wireline: copper, fiber, Wireless : microwave , infrared

Taxonomy (Contd.)
Scale Network within a building to a campus / locality a few kms - Computer networks : LAN (autonomous) - Telecom networks : subscriber loop ( traditionally not autonomous) Network covering a city or equivalent - Computer networks : MAN - Telecom networks : short / long distance charging centres ( SDCC/ LDCC) Network covering a wide area - WAN : in general, a backbone network for a nation / continent , handling all types of traffic employs point to point links (wireline / radio / satellite ) with mesh connectivity - Internet : Internetworking (global of heterogeneous networks)

Where We Need Fibers?

LAN with fiber:
FDDI, DQDB, GbE

Metro and WAN with fiber:

SDH/SONET on Telecom Intercity Links, WDM Ring, Wavelength-routed

Mesh, IP-over-WDM Transoceanic Point-to-Point Links WDM Links

Access with fiber

Hybrid-Fiber-Coax (HFC), EPON, APON, GPON, WDMPON