Amity School of Engineering

Optical Communication

Presented By:

Rupal Bahal
ECE-2 Roll No- 26
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Optical communication is any form of telecommunication that uses light as the transmission medium. Optical communication is the transmission and/or reception of information using optical signals. Optical communication may use optical waveguides (e.g. fiber optic lines) or free space transmission to transfer optical signals .
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OPTICAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

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HISTORY
Communications using light is not a new science. Old Roman records indicate that polished metal plates were sometimes used as mirrors to reflect sunlight for long range signaling.
The U.S. military used similar sunlight powered devices to send telegraph information from mountain top to mountain top in the early 1800s. For centuries the navies of the world have been using and still use blinking lights to send messages from one ship to another.

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Components of Optical Communication System Optical communication consists of: 1) Transmitter 2) Channel 3) Receiver
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A transmitter is an electronic device which, usually with the aid of an antenna, propagates an electromagnetic signal such as radio, television, or other telecommunications.
A transmitter is any object (source) which sends information to an observer (receiver). Ex: Vocal chords may also be considered an example of a transmitter.

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Channel, in communications ( sometimes called communications channel), refers to the medium used to convey information from a sender (or transmitter) to a receiver. A connection between initiating and terminating nodes of a circuit. In a communications system, the part that connects a data source to a data sink. A single path provided by a transmission medium physical separation, such as by multipair cable . All of these communication channels share the property that they transfer information. The information is carried through the channel by a signal.

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Receiver is an electronic device that is used to generate the signal that comes from the transmitter. A receiver is a device which reproduces the message from the received output signal. The main component of an receiver is a photodetector, which converts light into electricity using the photoelectric effect. The photodetector is typically a semiconductorbased photodiode.

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How light is Transmitted through Optical Fibre?

Light is transmitted along the core by total internal reflection mechanism at the boundary with the cladding layer.
cladding N=1.46 N=1.48 Light Ray Entering Core from Air core Light is propagated by Total internal reflection CROSS SECTION

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medium 1

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medium 2 critical angle c

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Contents Forms of Optical communication Optical communication Free-space Optical Communication

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Forms of optical communication

There are many forms of non-technological optical communication, including body language and sign language. Optical fiber is the most common medium for modern digital optical communication. Free-space optical communication is also used today in a variety of applications.

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Fiber-optic communication is a method of transmitting information from one place to another by sending pulses of light through an Optical Fiber. The light forms an electromagnetic carrier wave that is modulated to carry information. First developed in the 1970s, fiber-optic communication systems have revolutionized the telecommunications industry and have played a major role in the advent of the Information Age.
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Structure of Fiber

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In telecommunications, Free Space Optics (FSO) is an optical communication technology that uses light propagating in free space to transmit data between two points. Free Space Optics (FSO) is a line-of-sight technology that uses lasers to provide optical bandwidth connections. Currently, Free Space Optics are capable of up to 2.5 Gbps of data, voice and video communications through the air, allowing optical connectivity without requiring fiber-optic cable or securing spectrum licenses. Free Space Optics require light, which can be focused by using either light emitting diodes (LEDs) or Lasers.
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Advantages of Optical Communication

First, the high frequency of the optical carrier (typically of the order of 300,000 GHz) permits much more information to be transmitted over a single channel than is possible with a conventional radio or microwave system. Second, the very short wavelength of the optical carrier (typically of the order of 1 micrometer) permits the realization of very small, compact components. Third, the highest transparency for electromagnetic radiation yet achieved in any solid material is that of silica glass in the wavelength region 11.5 m. This transparency is orders of magnitude higher than that of any other solid material in any other part of the spectrum.

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Thank you..

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